Search Weight Loss Topics:

Page 92«..1020..91929394..100..»

Home » Testosterone » Page 92

Drug Description

Testosterone is a naturally occurring androgenic steroid hormone. [1]

[1] AHFS Drug Information 2007; p. 3071

Testosterone (transdermal and injection) is used to treat hypogonadism, a condition that commonly occurs in HIV infected men, particularly those whose disease has progressed to AIDS. In addition to typical manifestations of hypogonadism (e.g., impaired sexual mood and functioning, loss of body hair, gynecomastia, bone loss, impaired sense of well-being), HIV infected men with hypogonadism may exhibit a disproportionate loss of lean body mass and muscle wasting. Testosterone replacement therapy is considered the treatment of choice for androgen deficiency and AIDS wasting in this population. [1] It has been investigated to assess its efficacy in reducing symptoms of increased visceral fat in HIV infected men. [2] Transdermal testosterone has also been investigated to determine its safety and efficacy in treating weight loss in HIV infected women. [3] [4]

[1] AHFS Drug Information 2007; p. 3066

[2] ClinicalTrials.gov Testosterone for HIV-Positive Men With Reduced Serum Testosterone Levels and Abdominal Fat. Available at: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00009555. Accessed 05/01/07.

[3] ClinicalTrials.gov ClinicalTrials.gov - Phase II Randomized Study of Physiologic Testosterone Replacement in Premenopausal, HIV-Positive Women. Available at: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00004400. Accessed 05/01/07.

[4] ClinicalTrials.gov AIDS Wasting in Women - Anabolic Effects of Testosterone. Available at: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00006158. Accessed 05/01/07.

Topical for transdermal absorption. [1]

Parenteral for intramuscular injection. [2]

IInjectable suspension containing testosterone 25, 50, or 100 mg/ml. [3]

Testosterone cypionate or testosterone enanthate injection containing testosterone 100 or 200 mg/ml. [4]

Testosterone propionate injection containing testosterone 100 mg/ml. [5]

Testosterone gel containing 5, 7.5, or 10 g delivering testosterone 50, 75, or 100 mg, respectively, per day. [6]

Matrix-type transdermal system delivering testosterone 4 or 6 mg per system, per day. [7]

Reservoir-type transdermal system delivering testosterone 2.5 or 5 mg per system, per day. [8]

Store testosterone gel at controlled room temperature, between 20 C to 25 C (68 F to 77 F). [9]

Store testosterone matrix-type transdermal systems between 15 C and 30 C (59 F and 86 F). [10]

Store testosterone injection below 40 C (104 F), preferably between 15 C and 30 C (59 F and 86 F), unless otherwise specified by the manufacturer. Protect from freezing. [11]

[1] AHFS Drug Information 2007; p. 3072

[2] AHFS Drug Information 2007; p. 3072

[3] USP DI 2005; p. 157

[4] USP DI 2005; p. 158

[5] USP DI 2005; p. 158

[6] USP DI 2005; p. 158

[7] USP DI 2005; p. 159

[8] USP DI 2005; p. 159

[9] USP DI 2005; p. 158

[10] USP DI 2005; p. 159

[11] USP DI 2005; p. 159

Testosterone is the principal endogenous androgen. Endogenous androgens are responsible for a number of physical conditions, including alterations in body musculature and fat distribution. [1] Loss of lean body mass is a common complication of HIV/AIDS, and HIV infected individuals undergoing highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) have a high incidence of lipodystrophy. Although the pathophysiologies of wasting and visceral obesity common to HIV infection are multifactorial, testosterone replacement appears to have a favorable impact on these syndromes. [2]

Testosterone produces retention of nitrogen, potassium, sodium, and phosphorus and increases protein anabolism. [3] Androgens are highly lipid-soluble and enter target cells by passive diffusion. Testosterone or the active metabolite 5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) binds to an intracellular androgen receptor, which then translocates to the nucleus and attaches to specific hormone receptor elements on the chromosome. This process initiates or suppresses transcription and protein synthesis. Testosterone can produce estrogenic effects as a result of its conversion to estrogen. Endogenous plasma testosterone is maintained and regulated by gonadotropins within a normal range by a negative feedback system involving the hypothalamus and pituitary. Androgens also stimulate red blood cell production by enhancing production of erythropoietic stimulating factors. [4]

Esters of testosterone cypionate and testosterone enanthate given via intramuscular (IM) injection are absorbed slowly from the lipid tissue phase at the injection site, with peak serum concentrations reached about 72 hours after the dose is given. These esters' slow absorption results in a prolonged duration of action of 2 to 4 weeks after administration. By contrast, testosterone propionate given by IM injection has a comparatively short duration of action. Irritation at the IM injection site may cause erratic absorption of any testosterone ester. [5]

Transdermal testosterone is absorbed systemically through the skin. Approximately 10% of a testosterone gel dose is absorbed into systemic circulation. Increases in serum testosterone concentrations occur within 30 minutes of the application of a 100-mg dose of 1% gel. In most patients, physiologic concentrations are achieved within 4 hours, with percutaneous absorption maintained throughout the 24-hour dosing period. Serum testosterone concentrations reach steady state by the second or third day of dosing with the 1% gel. [6]

Percutaneous absorption of testosterone via transdermal systems varies considerably among individual patients; however, serum testosterone concentrations generally reach the normal physiologic range within the first day of dosing. These levels are maintained with no accumulation of testosterone during continuous dosing. Because genital skin contains high concentrations of 5-alpha-reductase, serum concentrations of the active metabolite DHT are generally in the supraphysiologic range for men following chronic scrotal application of testosterone transdermal systems. In some men, however, DHT concentrations may increase initially and then decrease to normal levels with continued therapy. [7]

In serum, testosterone is bound with high affinity to sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and with low affinity to albumin. The amount of SHBG in serum and the total testosterone concentration determine the distribution of pharmacologically active and nonactive forms of the androgen. [8] Approximately 40% of endogenous testosterone in plasma is bound to SHBG, 2% remains unbound, and the rest is bound to albumin and other proteins. [9]

Testosterone is in FDA Pregnancy Category X. Studies in humans have shown that androgens cause masculinization of the external genitalia of the female fetus. [10] Because the risks clearly outweigh the possible benefits in women who are pregnant or who can become pregnant, androgens are contraindicated in these patients. Women who become pregnant while receiving testosterone should be informed of the potential hazard to the fetus. [11] It is not known whether testosterone is distributed into breast milk; however, because of the potential for adverse effects in the nursing infant, androgens are not recommended for women who are breastfeeding. [12]

Protein binding of testosterone is very high (approximately 99%), with 80% binding to SHBG and 19% to albumin. The metabolite DHT has greater affinity for SHBG than does testosterone. [13]

Biotransformation of testosterone occurs primarily through the liver. [14] Both IM and transdermal administration of testosterone avoid first-pass metabolism. Testosterone esters for injection first undergo hydrolysis of the ester to the active form, free testosterone. Free testosterone is further converted into two of the major active metabolities, DHT and estradiol. The plasma half-life of testosterone is highly variable, ranging from 10 to 100 minutes. Both testosterone and its metabolites are renally excreted in urine and feces (approximately 90% and 6%, respectively, of an IM dose). [15]

[1] AHFS Drug Information 2007; p. 3070

[2] Solvay Pharmaceuticals Androgel Prescribing Information. August 2005, pp. 13, 15. Available at: http://www.androgel.com/images/ProfessionalInfo.pdf. Accessed 05/1/07.

[3] AHFS Drug Information 2007; p. 3071

[4] USP DI 2005; p. 151

[5] AHFS Drug Information 2007; p. 3071

[6] AHFS Drug Information 2007; p. 3071

[7] AHFS Drug Information 2007; p. 3071

[8] AHFS Drug Information 2007; p. 3071

[9] Solvay Pharmaceuticals Androgel Prescribing Information. August 2005, p. 3. Available at: http://www.androgel.com/images/ProfessionalInfo.pdf. Accessed 05/1/07.

[10] USP DI 2005; p. 153

[11] AHFS Drug Information 2007; p. 3070

[12] USP DI 2005; p. 153

[13] USP DI 2005; p. 152

[14] USP DI 2005; p. 152

[15] USP DI 2005; pp. 152-3

The most frequent adverse effects of testosterone include abdominal or back pain; abnormal ejaculation, or frequent or continuing penile erections; acne or local blistering of skin; anxiety; bladder irritability or urinary tract infection; breast soreness; cholestatic hepatitis, jaundice, and abnormal liver function tests; diarrhea; dizziness; edema; excessive sexual stimulation; flushing of the skin; gynecomastia; habituation; headache; hirsutism; hypercalcemia; increased serum cholesterol; insomnia; libido changes; male pattern baldness; mental depression or irritability; nausea; oligospermia; pain or irritation at injection site; priapism; prostate disorders; redness, burning, or itching at transdermal application site; retention of water, sodium, chloride, potassium, and inorganic phosphates; and seborrhea. [1] [2] [3] [4]

Frequent adverse effects among women receiving testosterone therapy include indications of virilization (amenorrhea or other menstrual irregularities; clitoral enlargement; hirsutism; and hoarseness or deepening of the voice). [5]

Pregnant women should not receive testosterone therapy because of the potential for serious harm to the fetus. In addition, pregnant women should avoid skin contact with application sites on patients because of the possibility that transdermal testosterone can be transferred from patients to their sexual partners or others in close physical contact. Potential adverse effects to female offspring exposed to testosterone in utero include clitoral hypertrophy, labial fusion of the external genital fold, abnormal vaginal development, and persistence of a urogenital sinus. [6]

[1] AHFS Drug Information 2007; pp. 3069-70

[2] USP DI 2005; pp. 154-5

[3] Pfizer Depo-Testosterone Prescribing Information, August 2002, p. 4. Available at: http://www.pfizer.com/download/uspi_depo_testosterone.pdf. Accessed 05/01/07.

[4] Solvay Pharmaceuticals Androgel 1% Prescribing Information, August 2005, p. 10. Available at: http://www.androgel.com/images/ProfessionalInfo.pdf. Accessed 05/01/07.

[5] AHFS Drug Information 2007; p. 3060

[6] AHFS Drug Information 2007; p. 3070

Because concurrent administration of testosterone with oral coumarin- or indandione-derivative anticoagulants can cause bleeding in some patients, dosage adjustment of anticoagulants may be needed during and after coadministration of the two drugs. Concurrent administration of testosterone with hepatotoxic drugs, including but not limited to abacavir, lamivudine, nevirapine, tenofovir, and zidovudine, may increase the incidence of hepatotoxicity. Patients should be carefully monitored, especially those undergoing long-term therapy or those with a history of liver disease. [1]

Increased serum levels of oxyphenbutazone have been reported in patients receiving androgens and oxyphenbutazone concurrently. The use of testosterone by diabetic patients may result in decreased blood glucose levels and reduced insulin requirements. Increased clearance of propranolol has been reported in patients receiving the drug concurrently with testosterone cypionate. [2] [3] Concurrent administration of testosterone with corticotropin (ACTH) or corticosteroids may enhance edema formation; these drugs should be combined with caution, particularly in patients with cardiac or hepatic disease. [4]

[1] USP DI 2005; p. 153

[2] Solvay Pharmaceuticals Androgel 1% Prescribing Information, August 2005, p. 8. Available at: http://www.androgel.com/images/ProfessionalInfo.pdf. Accessed 05/01/07.

[3] Pfizer Inc Depo-Testosterone Prescribing Information, August 2002, p. 3. Available at: http://www.pfizer.com/download/uspi_depo_testosterone.pdf. Accessed 05/01/07.

[4] Solvay Pharmaceuticals Androgel 1% Prescribing Information, August 2005, p. 8. Available at: http://www.androgel.com/images/ProfessionalInfo.pdf. Accessed 05/01/07.

Testosterone products should not be used in patients with known hypersensitivity to any ingredients in the preparation. Testosterone is contraindicated in men with carcinoma of the breast or known or suspected carcinoma of the prostate. [1] [2] It is also contraindicated in pregnant or lactating women and patients with serious cardiac, hepatic, or renal disease. [3]

Risk-benefit should be considered in patients with cardiac failure, cardiac function impairment, cardiorenal disease, or edema; hepatic function impairment, nephritis, nephrosis, or renal function impairment; coronary heart disease or myocardial infarction; hepatic function impairment; hypercalcemia due to metastatic breast cancer; or benign prostatic hyperplasia with urethral obstructive symptoms. [4]

[1] Solvay Pharmaceuticals Androgel 1% Prescribing Information, August 2005, pp. 6-7. Available at: http://www.androgel.com/images/ProfessionalInfo.pdf. Accessed 05/01/07.

[2] Pfizer Inc Depo-Testosterone Prescribing Information, August 2002, p. 3. Available at: http://www.pfizer.com/download/uspi_depo_testosterone.pdf. Accessed 05/01/07.

[3] Pfizer Inc Depo-Testosterone Prescribing Information, August 2002, p. 3. Available at: http://www.pfizer.com/download/uspi_depo_testosterone.pdf. Accessed 05/01/07.

[4] USP DI 2005; p. 154

Click here to search ClinicalTrials.gov for trials that use Testosterona.

Prescribing Information from the FDA Web site. More current versions may be available on the manufacturer's Web site.Bhasin S, Parker RA, Sattler F, Haubrich R, Alston B, Umbleja T, Shikuma CM. Effects of Testosterone Supplementation on Whole Body and Regional Fat Mass and Distribution in HIV-Infected Men with Abdominal Obesity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Dec 12; [Epub ahead of print].Crum-Cianflone NF, Bavaro M, Hale B, Amling C, Truett A, Brandt C, Pope B, Furtek K, Medina S, Wallace MR. Erectile dysfunction and hypogonadism among men with HIV. AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2007 Jan;21(1):9-19.Dobs A. Role of testosterone in maintaining lean body mass and bone density in HIV-infected patients. Int J Impot Res. 2003 Aug;15 Suppl 4:S21-5. Review.Engelson ES. HIV lipodystrophy diagnosis and management. Body composition and metabolic alterations; diagnosis and management. AIDS Read. 2003 Apr;13(4 Suppl):S10-4. Review.Hengge UR. Testosterone replacement for hypogonadism: clinical findings and best practices. AIDS Read. 2003 Dec;13(12 Suppl):S15-21. Review.

Here is the original post:
Testosterone | FDA Label - | AIDSinfo

What is testosterone?

Testosterone is considered to be the "male hormone" that's produced in men by the testes. Although women's ovaries produce some testosterone, the hormone is produced in much higher concentrations in men and it is responsible for many of the secondary sex characteristics seen in men such as a deeper voice and hair on the chest, in addition to contributing to a healthy libido, building muscle mass, and maintaining energy levels.

The problems associated with high testosterone levels are infrequent and rare in middle-aged and elderly men who are not receiving testosterone or other steroid treatments. When the testosterone level becomes out of balance, it usually becomes too low rather than too elevated.

What are the signs and symptoms of low testosterone levels in men?

The most common "out of balance" testosterone levels are found to be on the low side of normal; this occurs because a male's highest testosterone level usually peaks at about age 20, and then it decreases slowly with age. It has been suggested that a 1% decrease in testosterone level per year is not unusual for middle-aged (30 to 50 years old) and older males. While this decrease may not be noticeable in some men, others may experience significant changes starting in their middle-aged years or more commonly at age 60 and above. This drop in testosterone levels is sometimes termed hypogonadism, "male menopause" or andropause.

Low testosterone levels may result in a decline in:

Additional symptoms of in low-T in men may include:

What are normal or average testosterone levels in men?

In general, the normal range in males is about 270 to 1070 ng/dL with an average level of 679 ng/dL. A normal male testosterone level peaks at about age 20, and then it slowly declines. Testosterone levels above or below the normal range are considered by many to be out of balance. Moreover, some researchers suggest that the healthiest men have testosterone levels between 400 - 600 ng/dL.

What are the benefits of higher than normal testosterone levels?

Examples of benefits, which are modest, of men having higher than average testosterone levels include:

What are the disadvantages of having higher than average testosterone levels?

Examples of drawbacks or disadvantages of men having higher than average testosterone levels include:

What are anabolic steroids, and what their side effects?

Both men and women that utilize anabolic steroids to gain an athletic "edge" (for example, some professional athletes) or to increase muscle mass (for example, some bodybuilders) may experience high levels of testosterone and develop complications, and side effects, for example:

What is the treatment for low-T in men?

There is treatment available low testosterone levels. Doctors may prescribe medications that contain testosterone such as:

What men should not use testosterone therapy?

Not all men may be candidates for this type of treatment.

How often should a man have his testosterone levels checked?

So, how does one ensure that testosterone levels remain in balance? Some doctors suggest that monitoring testosterone levels every five years, starting at age 35, is a reasonable strategy to follow. If the testosterone level falls too low or if the individual has the signs and symptoms of low testosterone levels described above, testosterone therapy can be considered. However, once testosterone therapy is initiated, testosterone levels should be closely monitored to make sure that the testosterone level does not become too high, as this may cause stress on the individual, and high testosterone levels may result in some of the negative problems (described previously) seen.

Finding the appropriate balance of testosterone is possible through discussions with your doctor, and it requires your willingness to have testosterone levels checked before the initiation of therapy and then checked routinely in the future.

Medically reviewed by Michael Wolff, MD; American Board of Urology

REFERENCES:

FDA evaluating risk of stroke, heart attack and death with FDA-approved testosterone products.

Harvard Health Publications, Harvard Medical School. Is testosterone replacement therapy safe? Take a look at the latest evidence in the February 2014 Harvard Men's Health Watch.

National Institute on Drug Abuse. DrugFacts: Anabolic Steroids.

St. Louis Post-Dispatch. New medical review refutes link between testosterone replacement therapy and heart disease; low t institute weighs in.

Southeastern Medical Oncology Center. Polycythemia is a Common Blood Problem.

Urologyhealth.org. Low Testosterone (Hypogonadism).

Read this article:
High and Low Testosterone Levels in Men

abortion

A procedure to intentionally end a pregnancy before a birth. Miscarriage is also sometimes called "spontaneous abortion," even though it is usually not intended.

Purposeful harm or mistreatment of another person, which can be verbal, emotional, physical or sexual. An ongoing pattern or cycle of such mistreatment or harm can characterize an abusive relationship.

In the context of sexuality, an abbreviation for asexual.

People older than you who probably drive you batty. Or, people whose age in years exceeds the legal age of majority; people considered to be adults by law.

A state or demonstration of fondness or care for someone, which may or may not be sexual.

The age at which a person is considered in law to be able to consent to sexual activity. Someone above this age who has sex with someone below it can often be charged with statutory rape, even if the younger person wants to consent.

When two people are of different ages or life stages, usually with a substantial difference.

A chosen or felt lack of gender identity.

Behaving in a pushy, forceful or violent way.

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a very serious and often deadly disease of the immune system caused by HIV. AIDS itself can not be caught from another person, but those with AIDS have HIV, which is sexually transmissible. AIDS requires medical treatment.

When a penis is inserted into and held by the anus while partners move their bodies as feels good to them for the purpose of sexual stimulation.

Sexual activity involving the anus. Anal sex may include stimulation with fingers, the mouth, a penis, sex toys, or other objects or body parts.

Oral sex for, on or to the anus.

The body, parts of the body, or physical structure of organisms like people, animals or plants.

Being neither distinguishably masculine nor feminine (or a mishmosh of both), in dress, appearance, behavior or identity, either by choice or by circumstance.

The external opening to the rectum, located between the buttocks.

Not having an interest in romantic relationships.

A state of sexual excitement and interest that sends messages to the brain which create physical changes and sensations, such as increased blood pressure, erection, lubrication, loosening of the vaginal or anal muscles, and increased physical sensitivity.

In the context of human sexuality, someone who either does not experience or has not yet experienced any sexual desires at all, or who has experienced/does experience sexual desires, but not a desire to enact them with other individuals.

To be self-assured, self-confident. To stand up for oneself in a positive, nonviolent way.

The state or condition of being independent and/or having the right to independence.

An imbalance in the vaginal environment, including pH changes, that occurs when different types of bacteria outnumber the normal, needed and healthy bacteria. It often requires some from of treatment, but sometimes will go away on its own.

Describes sexual play and/or relationships involving exchanges of power and pain. B = bondage, D = discipline and/or dominance, S = submission and/or sadism, M = masochism.

Made up of two things or parts; a system with only two possible options or parts.

Prejudice against bisexuality and bisexual people.

Any number of methods people use to intentionally prevent unwanted pregnancy, including the condom, the cervical barrier, the implant, the patch, the pill, the rhythm method, the ring, the shot, the IUD, spermicide and withdrawal.

A term for sexual orientation which either describes a person who can be sexually and emotionally attracted to both men and women or merely to people of more than one gender.

A stage of very early fetal development. If cell development continues and a blastocyst implants in the uterus, it will become an embryo and create a pregnancy.

A slang term for a state of vasocongestion that becomes temporarily painful. Called "blue balls" because in those with testes, discomfort is also felt there, but people with vulvas can experience this too, and discomfort then is often felt in the uterus or clitoris.

Our sense, awareness and perception of our body in appearance and function as it relates to our sense of self.

Glandular tissue, fat, connective tissue and skin on the chest.

Describes a person who is intentionally masculine in appearance, behavior, dress, identity or sexual attitude. Often used in relation to femme. Most often used in the LGBT community, but can refer to people of any orientation. However, some people see use of the word "butch" as an insult.

Describes someone who does not engage in sexual activity, usually by choice.

A birth control device which is inserted into the vagina to cover the cervix and prevent sperm from entering. Diaphragms, cervical caps and contraceptive sponges are kinds of cervical barriers.

The opening to the uterus, the bottom of which is at the back end of the vagina.

A method of keeping track of fertility by keeping careful notes on the dates of a woman's period, as well as her temperature and cervical mucus. This is often used by people who are trying to get pregnant but is NOT an effective birth control method, as it fails frequently due to fluctuations in a woman's cycle and the fact that sperm can live in a woman's reproductive tract for several days. Also called "fertility awareness".

A slang term used to describe either the hymen/corona or something which signifies someone has not done something for the first time. "Popping the cherry" often describes doing something sexual for the first time, even though with first-time sex, there are not usually cherries or the popping of anything.

A very common bacterial infection/STI. It can infect the cervix, urethra, testicles, fallopian tubes, and/or ovaries. It can also infect the throat when acquired through oral sex. Chlamydia requires medical treatment.

A surgical removal of the foreskin from the penis, most often done in infancy, and most often done because of cultural or religious beliefs, parental aesthetic preferences or concerns about health. In some cases, circumcision is done at other times of life and/or for medical reasons.

Describes people who have a gender identity which is traditionally thought to match their assigned sex, and thought to match many or most of the roles, behaviors and appearances culturally expected of that sex. For example, someone who was sexed male at birth and whose gender identity is masculine; who also feels male. Often used in relation to transgender.

Prejudice, discrimination and oppression based on social or economic status/class or perceived or assigned social or economic status.

In a sexual context, usually a word used to suggest not having any sexually transmitted infections. "Clean" is a poor choice of term, however, since it stigmatizes people with illness. Better choices are "negative," "clear" or "STI-free."

A sexual organ both external and internal on the vulva and inside the pelvis of female sex-assigned people that is similar to the penis, but serves no other known purpose besides providing sexual pleasure.

Various ways we express and share feelings or thoughts, such as through speech, written words or symbols, sign language, body language, touch or art.

The onset of pregnancy, marked by implantation of the blastocyst into the endometrium (the lining of the uterus).

A thin sheath or tube of latex or another material, worn over the penis during sex to prevent or reduce the risk of pregnancy and/or sexually transmitted infections.

To agree to do something or give permission. In the context of sex, a person is giving full consent/is consenting when they freely and actively agree to do something sexual with someone else; however, the person still has the right to change their mind at any point. A person is NOT consenting if they do not actively agree, have been forced or pressured in some way or are in a state where they are incapable of full consent (such as when asleep, under the influence of drugs or alcohol, or below the age of consent).

Devices, medications or behaviors used to intentionally aim to prevent pregnancy, including the condom, the cervical barrier, the implant, the patch, the pill, the rhythm method, the ring, the shot, the IUD, spermicide and withdrawal.

A method of birth control that consists of a spongy device filled with spermicide that provides a barrier at the entrance of the cervix.

A newer name for the hymen, a thin membrane without nerve endings that most female-assigned people are born with that is just inside the vaginal opening. It gradually wears away over time due to hormones, vaginal discharges, general physical activity, sex and masturbation and/or childbirth. It does not snap, crackle or pop.

The internal "legs" of the clitoris, which are within the outer labia (labia majora).

Oral sex for, on or to the vulva.

Heather's pug, Sofia.

Virtual (as in, not in person) sexual experiences or encounters which involve text conversations and/or visual exchanges via the Internet.

CMV is one member of a group of herpes-type viruses. It is an STI transmitted through body fluids, and requires medical treatment.

How well something works.

In a sexual context, a discharge of genital fluid, usually (but not always) as a result of sexual stimulation and/or orgasm.

During a pregnancy, the term for the developing cells of an organism until around eight-nine weeks after an ovum was fertilized. After this time, the organism would then be called a fetus.

A method of contraception used to prevent pregnancy after sex or rape has already occurred, rather than used before or during, like most types of contraception.

To put something into action: to actively do something, not just think or feel it.

The lining of the uterus.

In a sexual context, when a kind of sex involves someone putting one body part inside the body part of another person, such as with intercourse. Some people use the word "penetration" instead.

When a body part, such as the penis or parts of the vulva, becomes filled with blood and enlarges and/or becomes more firm.

Various areas of the body with a greater number of sensory nerve receptors than other areas, which people may find particularly sexually stimulating, such as (but by no means limited to) the lips, tongue, palms, fingers, feet, inner thighs, anus, nipples, neck, collarbone, nose, ears, armpits and/or the genitals.

Written, visual or other kinds of media either expressly designed to elicit feelings of sexual desire and/or which people use to elicit those feelings.

A steroid hormone found in the bodies of all people which has several jobs. Like testosterone, people often say it's responsible for things it doesn't usually have much to do with (like mood).

Something that is not divided or shared with others; which excludes others based on a given criteria.

Two tubes that lead from the ovaries to the uterus. If and when an ovum is fertilized by a sperm, fertilization typically happens within the fallopian tube.

Fertility awareness methods of birth control, achieved by charting of fertility, ideally daily via cervical mucus and basal body temperatures, and interpreting that charting to determine when fertility is most and least likely, then abstaining or using a backup method during most fertile times.

Oral sex for, on or to the penis.

A barrier method of contraception somewhat similar to a male condom, but inserted into the vagina rather than put on the penis. It has a flared base that sits on the outer parts of the vulva to hold it in place.

Describes something society associates with or attributes to women and girls or a state, experience or assignment of being female.

Describes a person who is intentionally feminine in appearance, behavior, dress, identity or sexual attitude. Often used in relation to butch. Most often used in the LGBT community, but can refer to people of any orientation.

A method of keeping track of fertility by keeping careful notes on the dates of a woman's period, as well as her temperature and cervical mucus. This is often used by people who are trying to get pregnant but is NOT an effective birth control method, as it fails frequently due to fluctuations in a woman's cycle and the fact that sperm can live in a woman's reproductive tract for several days. Also called "fertility charting" or just "charting".

In humans, the stage of prenatal development after an embryo, usually from about the eighth-ninth week after fertilization.

A term used to describe deep manual sex, where many fingers or a hand are gradually inserted into the vagina or anus.

What some people call sexual activities that are not intercourse which they may do before intercourse or as a "warmup" to intercourse, such as kissing, manual sex or oral sex. However, all kinds of "foreplay" can also be or are kinds of sex, and may sometimes be the only sex people choose to or can engage in at a given time, or altogether.

A loose tube of skin with nerve endings that extends from shaft of the penis to below the glans and which normally covers the head of the penis when it is not erect. Those born with penises are also born with a foreskin, but some foreskins are removed (circumcised) in infancy or later in life for any of a variety of different reasons.

A small fold of skin at the posterior (bottom) end of the vulva.

People who have a sexual relationship that is not romantic, but where they are also (and are supposed to behave like) friends. Often a casual relationship, but not always. FWBs may or may not be exclusive.

Rubbing against the body of another person -- usually with clothes on -- to express sexual feelings or seek out sexual pleasure. "Dry humping" is a form of frottage.

Friends with benefits.

A portion of the internal clitoris 1-3 inches within the vagina on the anterior (front) wall which can be sexually stimulating and which is often associated with female ejaculation.

In the context of sexuality, a word for sexual orientation which either describes a man who is sexually and emotionally attracted to other men, or a person of any sex or gender who is sexually and emotionally attracted to people of the same or a similar sex or gender. Often used alongside lesbian.

Characteristics that are seen or presented as distinguishing between male and female. Gender may or may not include assigned or chosen: sex, social roles, feelings, behaviors and/or presentation or appearance.

Discomfort with an assigned sex and/or gender and/or the gender norms and roles associated with either.

The way people externally communicate gender identity to others through their behavior and their outward, chosen appearance.

A person's own sense of whether and in what sense they feel they might be a man, a woman, a boy, a girl or gender nonconforming.

People who do not adhere to or who protest cultural rules or norms about dress, behaviors or activities for people based on their sex.

What is considered "normal" for a given gender or sex, even if it's not. These ideas may be widespread, or may be specific to a given group, area or historical period of time.

Describes someone whose chosen gender identity is neither masculine nor feminine, is between or beyond genders, which rejects binary gender, or which is some combination of genders.

Kinds of sex people have which involve the vulva, vagina, penis, testicles, anus and/or rectum or any immediate areas surrounding those parts.

External sexual or reproductive organs.

On the penis, the head of the penis. On the vulva, the external portion of the clitoris, beneath the clitoral hood.

G = gay, L = lesbian, B = bisexual, T = transgender. Additional letters sometimes added include Q = queer/questioning, U = unsure, I = intersex, P = pansexual, S = straight allies.

The organs that make ovum or sperm cells (the ovaries and testes respectively).

A bacterial infection/STI which can infect the cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes, urethra, mouth, throat or anus. It requires medical treatment.

An exam usually for those with a vulva/vagina that may involve any of the following: a visual exam of the genitals, a breast exam, a bimanual exam, a speculum exam, a pap smear, STI testing, birth control consultation and other education or healthcare services.

(Pronounced guy-na-coll-o-jist) A doctor that specializes in the health of the female reproductive tract. They may also be referred to as "OB/GYNs" or, informally, "gynos".

Go here to read the rest:
Glossary | Scarleteen

If you're in midlife, chances are you've heard a lot about testosterone therapy for women. If you believe everything you read, supplementing with this hormone can improve your sex life, give you more energy, clear up your skin and help you run a four-minute mile. The reality, however, is far different. For example, testosterone therapy could cause acne, facial hair and a deeper voice.

While there is evidence that testosterone therapy can help some women with certain health-related issues, primarily sexual disorders, it most assuredly is not a wonder drug, and it is not recommended for most women.

First, a few words about testosterone. Testosterone is an androgen, or sex-related hormone. Although considered "male" hormones, androgens play important roles in a woman's reproductive cycle and overall health. Produced in your ovaries, adrenal glands and fat cells, androgens like testosterone have more than 200 actions in women.

Learn more about the signs of high testosterone in women.

One of those actions is to contribute to your sexual arousal. This is the physical part of sexthe "tingling" feeling that lets you know your body, at least, is ready for action. Desire, however, if the part of you that determines interest and makes you want to sneak up behind your partner and begin kissing the back of his or her neck.Because testosterone levels can fluctuate significantly and because women have relatively low levels of testosterone, testosterone tests will not necessarily indicate whether a woman's lack of desire or arousal is related to naturally occurring testosterone. However, studies do find that supplemental testosterone, delivered in the form of a patch, improves sexual desire and responsiveness and increases the frequency of sexual activity.

Unlike estrogen, androgen levels don't suddenly drop when you reach natural menopause. Instead, androgen production begins slowly falling in your twenties. By the time you reach menopause, you're producing about half as much as you made at puberty. However, your ovaries may still continue to produce small amounts of androgens even after menopause. Some studies show menopausal ovaries continue to produce testosterone; other studies show they do not. One thing is for sure: if your ovaries are removed or damaged, you will go into surgical or early menopause. Some women who experience surgical menopause report a drop in sexual desire and drive.

We're still not quite sure whether the reduced androgen levels that occur with aging are responsible for the loss of sexual drive some women experience as they age. What is clear, however, is that supplemental testosterone therapy improves some women's ability to become aroused and the intensity of their orgasms after menopause, particularly women thrust into sudden menopause.

If your health care professional thinks you might benefit from androgen therapyalso called testosterone therapyyou will likely be started on a very small dose and monitored carefully.

Keep in mind, however, that there is no FDA-approved form of testosterone for treating sexual disorders in women. Nonetheless, your health care professional can prescribe a testosterone product approved for other indications. Examples include compounded testosterone creams and testosterone patches, gels, creams or pills approved for use in men. They should only be given to women if doses are reduced considerably, and blood testosterone levels are closely monitored, which can be difficult to do.

There are few, if any, side effects from the small amounts of supplemental testosterone used to treat sexual desire disorders in women, although your health care professional should monitor you closely. You should also know that there is very little evidence about the effects of testosterone on women not taking supplemental estrogen, which is why your health care professional shouldn't prescribe androgen therapy without estrogen.

Bottom line: If your lack of sexual drive is affecting your relationship and/or your quality of life, talk to your health care professional about your options.

Want to keep track of your symptoms? Download a complimentary symptom tracker here

Originally posted here:
The Reality behind Testosterone Therapy

Testosterone is the hormone that gives men their manliness. Produced by the testicles, it is responsible for male characteristics like a deep voice, muscular build, and facial hair. Testosterone also fosters the production of red blood cells, boosts mood, keeps bones strong, and aids thinking ability.

Testosterone levels peak by early adulthood and drop as you ageabout 1% to 2% a year beginning in the 40s. As men reach their 50s and beyond, this may lead to signs and symptoms, such as impotence or changes in sexual desire, depression or anxiety, reduced muscle mass, less energy, weight gain, anemia, and hot flashes. While falling testosterone levels are a normal part of aging, certain conditions can hasten the decline. These include:

Millions of men use testosterone therapy to restore low levels and feel more alert, energetic, mentally sharp, and sexually functional. But it's not that simple. A man's general health also affects his testosterone levels. For instance, being overweight, having diabetes or thyroid problems, and taking certain medications, such as glucocorticoids and other steroids, can affect levels. Therefore, simply having low levels does not always call for taking extra testosterone.

Doctors diagnose low testosterone based on a physical exam, a review of symptoms, and the results of multiple blood tests since levels can fluctuate daily.

If your doctor diagnoses low testosterone, other tests may be considered before therapy. For example, low testosterone can speed bone loss, so your doctor may recommend a bone density test to see whether you also need treatment for osteoporosis.

Prostate cancer is another concern, as testosterone can fuel its growth. The Endocrine Society recommends against testosterone supplementation in men who have prostate cancer or have a prostate nodule that can be felt during a digital rectal exam.

In most cases, men need to have both low levels of testosterone in their blood and several symptoms of low testosterone to go on therapy.

It is possible to have low levels and not experience symptoms. But if you do not have any key symptoms, especially fatigue and sexual dysfunction, which are the most common, it is not recommended you go on the therapy given the uncertainty about long-term safety.

Even if your levels are low and you have symptoms, therapy is not always the first course of action. If your doctor can identify the source for declining levelsfor instance, weight gain or certain medicationhe or she may first address that problem.

If you and your doctor think testosterone therapy is right for you, there are a variety of delivery methods to consider, as found in the Harvard Special Health Report Men's Health: Fifty and Forward.

Most men feel improvement in symptoms within four to six weeks of taking testosterone therapy, although changes like increases in muscle mass may take from three to six months.

By Matthew SolanExecutive Editor, Harvard Men's Health Watch

Read the rest here:
Treating low testosterone levels - Harvard Health

If you're in midlife, chances are you've heard a lot about testosterone therapy for women. If you believe everything you read, supplementing with this hormone can improve your sex life, give you more energy, clear up your skin and help you run a four-minute mile. The reality, however, is far different. For example, testosterone therapy could cause acne, facial hair and a deeper voice.

While there is evidence that testosterone therapy can help some women with certain health-related issues, primarily sexual disorders, it most assuredly is not a wonder drug, and it is not recommended for most women.

First, a few words about testosterone. Testosterone is an androgen, or sex-related hormone. Although considered "male" hormones, androgens play important roles in a woman's reproductive cycle and overall health. Produced in your ovaries, adrenal glands and fat cells, androgens like testosterone have more than 200 actions in women.

Learn more about the signs of high testosterone in women.

One of those actions is to contribute to your sexual arousal. This is the physical part of sexthe "tingling" feeling that lets you know your body, at least, is ready for action. Desire, however, if the part of you that determines interest and makes you want to sneak up behind your partner and begin kissing the back of his or her neck.Because testosterone levels can fluctuate significantly and because women have relatively low levels of testosterone, testosterone tests will not necessarily indicate whether a woman's lack of desire or arousal is related to naturally occurring testosterone. However, studies do find that supplemental testosterone, delivered in the form of a patch, improves sexual desire and responsiveness and increases the frequency of sexual activity.

Unlike estrogen, androgen levels don't suddenly drop when you reach natural menopause. Instead, androgen production begins slowly falling in your twenties. By the time you reach menopause, you're producing about half as much as you made at puberty. However, your ovaries may still continue to produce small amounts of androgens even after menopause. Some studies show menopausal ovaries continue to produce testosterone; other studies show they do not. One thing is for sure: if your ovaries are removed or damaged, you will go into surgical or early menopause. Some women who experience surgical menopause report a drop in sexual desire and drive.

We're still not quite sure whether the reduced androgen levels that occur with aging are responsible for the loss of sexual drive some women experience as they age. What is clear, however, is that supplemental testosterone therapy improves some women's ability to become aroused and the intensity of their orgasms after menopause, particularly women thrust into sudden menopause.

If your health care professional thinks you might benefit from androgen therapyalso called testosterone therapyyou will likely be started on a very small dose and monitored carefully.

Keep in mind, however, that there is no FDA-approved form of testosterone for treating sexual disorders in women. Nonetheless, your health care professional can prescribe a testosterone product approved for other indications. Examples include compounded testosterone creams and testosterone patches, gels, creams or pills approved for use in men. They should only be given to women if doses are reduced considerably, and blood testosterone levels are closely monitored, which can be difficult to do.

There are few, if any, side effects from the small amounts of supplemental testosterone used to treat sexual desire disorders in women, although your health care professional should monitor you closely. You should also know that there is very little evidence about the effects of testosterone on women not taking supplemental estrogen, which is why your health care professional shouldn't prescribe androgen therapy without estrogen.

Bottom line: If your lack of sexual drive is affecting your relationship and/or your quality of life, talk to your health care professional about your options.

Original post:
The Reality behind Testosterone Therapy - Healthy Women

Think of it like the foundations of your home.Without it, you wouldn't even have your home

Testosterone is the biological equivalent. It's an extremely essential hormone because it's the 'foundation' of many major biological functions.

Testosterone increases muscle massTestosterone works its muscle-building magic by increasing muscle protein synthesis.

Testosterone decreases body fatAs your testosterone levels decrease, your bodys ability to regulate fat metabolism, insulin and glucose also decreases, causing fat to accumulate.

To make matters worse more stored fat can push testosterone levels even lower, because body fat produces the enzyme aromatase, which can convert testosterone to estradiol, the predominant estrogen. Higher testosterone levels mean lower estrogen levels, which are essential for real muscle growth. Also, TestoFuel contains Oyster Extract which is extremely high in zinc, known to lower estrogen levels in the body.

Testosterone can boost competitivenessTestosterone helps to boost our drive to win, as it's linked with our desire for power and status (Dabbs & Dabbs 2000). The more driven you are, the more motivated you'll be to train.

As if that wasn't enough, testosterone also helps the release of growth hormone, another incredibly important trigger for muscle growth. So you are effectively getting a double dose of growth when you raise your testosterone levels.

Continued here:
TestoFuel | Testosterone Booster | Official Website

Testosterone is the primary hormone in men. It regulates several functions in the body and helps overall wellbeing. However, as men age, testosterone levels decrease.

So, lets look at what is testosterone, what are normal levels, high levels and ways to boost testosterone naturally.

Testosterone is a male hormone produced by the Leydig cells of the testes. The primary function of this hormone is to regulate sperm production.

It is also responsible for regulating:

Scroll below to read the bottom line.

The hypothalamus detects when the level of testosterone in the blood goes low. The hypothalamus releases gonadotrophin releasing hormone, which triggers the pituitary glands to produce Follicle Stimulating Hormone and Leiutenizing Hormone.

FSH, on reaching the testicles, stimulates the production of sperms while LH stimulates the Leydig cells to produce testosterone.

Charts show the total and the free testosterone levels in blood. Low T levels in females have relatively no effect while high levels can result in manliness characteristics.

However, cases of hypergonadism, or hyperfunction of the gonads, in females are lower.

According to Mayo Clinic Lab, normal T levels in males are as follows:

As a boy grows up, the level of testosterone increases from about 75 nanograms per deciliter to about 1200 ng/DL when they hit 18 years. The average adult male will have between 800 and 1000 nanograms per deciliter, total testosterone.

When the levels of total testosterone fall below 300ng/DL, a man is said to have a low T count. This happens after age 30 where testosterone reduces by 1 percent each year.

Testosterone drops can result from:

Generally, testosterone reduces with age. In some instances, testosterone drops result from genetic causes while in other cases, the cause is unknown.

Low testosterone levels are associated with:

Testosterone is the youth hormone in men and lower levels will lead to aging signs, again, low levels can lead to:

A man with more than 1000ng/dl is considered to have high testosterone levels. These high levels come with confidence, aggressiveness and strength.

Men with high testosterone levels have a higher sex drive, are ambitious, relatively strong, have high metabolic rate, reduced body fat, increased muscle mass and great concentration with lower chances of stress.

However, studies have linked elevated testosterone levels with:

Hypergonadism is the production of an unusually high amount of testosterone. Its caused by over-stimulated Leydig cells. The condition affects 2.5 percent of adult men in the world.

Testosterone deficiency syndrome, TDS, results from a condition referred to as hypogonadism where the testes produce an unusually low testosterone level.

In some cases, testosterone deficiency is not associated with any symptoms, but even then, levels below 250 ng/dl should be treated.

The deficiency is characterized by low libido, depression, fatigue, erectile dysfunction, decline in mental functions and a loss of overall wellbeing.

Your doctor can request a testosterone blood test when you show signs of low or high testosterone levels. This test is carried out on men as well as women.

It involves taking a blood sample to check testosterone level in blood. Readings are given in nanograms per deciliter, ng/dl.

There are many factors that may affect the degree of testosterone in the blood. Granted, your doctor may have to draw more than one blood sample for lab testing.

Samples are normally taken in the morning when the testosterone level is high.

There are also home testosterone kits that use saliva instead of blood. However, these kits are less accurate, especially noting that they are done without the supervision of a doctor.

When a blood test indicates that T levels have dropped significantly, a doctor can prescribe any of the treatments below:

Testosterone levels can be increased naturally. This involves reversing the causes of hypogonadism. Low levels result from obesity, diabetes, infections and cancer of the testes and prostrate. Managing hypogonadism starts with managing the causes. This means seeking treatment for diabetes, cancer and any other infections.

One of the most recommended ways of raising testosterone is exercising and keeping fit. This will help you lose weight and reduce stress, both factors that lead to testosterone deficiency.

Living healthy and eating healthy food will stimulate the production of testosterone.

Ensure you take the following nutrients in your food or as supplements:

Each of the above nutrients help boost the production of testosterone in the testes. Again, avoid sugar, minimize stress and get plenty of rest. There are also natural testosterone boosters you can take. However, be sure to check the organic nature of the testosterone boosters.

In the blood, testosterone occurs as free, which is less than 4 percent, or as protein bound, which makes up to 98 percent of the testosterone in your blood. The latter is bound either to albumin or to sex hormone binding globulin, SHBG.

The bind between albumin and testosterone is not strong and thus, it is referred to as bioavailable testosterone, BAT. BAT, or free testosterone, denotes the testosterone available for use by body cells. It is measured in pictograms per millimeter.

Total testosterone is a measure of all the testosterone in your blood, both free and bound. This is the first test that a doctor will request when you show signs of hypogonadism or hypergonadism.

Medically, testosterone replacement therapy comes in diverse forms. To increase T levels, you can have a skin patch also referred to as transdermal, a mouth patch, a gel you apply on the skin or injections and implants. All these methods are designed to stimulate the production of natural testosterone or to supply testosterone to the body.

There are oral testosterone pills, but these are believed to cause a problem to the liver. Other methods mentioned above bypass the liver and move to the blood directly.

Testosterone drugs are in many forms including liquid/gel applications, pellets and powder. Some of the drugs can be bought over the counter while some have to be prescribed. However, given the side effects of the drugs, it is always important to seek a physicians input. With any of these drugs, side effects can be expected including:

Men use testosterone supplements such as Pronabolin to build their body. Testosterone improves metabolism, turning most of the food eaten into use.

Again, it regulates bone and muscle mass creation, thereby, enhancing weight gain. On the other hand, low testosterone causes increased fat gain and, thereby, leading to obesity.

Exercise increases testosterone levels for a short period. Theres a direct link between short-termexercise and the increase in testosterone levels.

However, an exercise routine will lead to weight loss and fitness. A healthy body promotes general well being, which can raise testosterone to required levels.

Testosterone injections are never the first form of treatment that you receive. This comes when other forms of treatment wont work. Injections are preferred because they offer high absorption. When testosterone or any other testosterone stimulating drug is injected, it goes straight to the blood.

Shots are relatively cheap and with relatively less side effects. hCG is a typical testosterone booster on the market.

Injections are titrated much easier compared to other forms of medication, making them much safer. Seeing that the doses will be administered after every two to ten weeks, a small needle, no more than a mosquito proboscis, is recommended to ensure there are no long-term scars.

Injections increase the risk of having blood clots that may lead to stroke. This is especially true when they are done at home. There are also some uncommon side effects with injections including:

When care is not taken, a small needle wound can cause second infections. However, most of the side effects stop when the treatment is stopped.

Testosterone Gel is one of the many forms of low T level medication. True to its name, you apply the gel on your skin. The gel is absorbed in about four hours.

The gel can have the following side effects:

Testosterone cream is similar to a gel. You apply it on specific parts of your skin as instructed by the manufacturer and your physician. It is a prescription drug. Like the gel, this cream is absorbed in about four hours. Testosterone cream side effects include:

If you suffer from diabetes, allergies, heart disease and prostate cancer, it is advisable you notify your doctor before beginning treatment.

Implants supply your body with the needed testosterone continuously. Unlike drugs, implants are done less frequently; they work for up to 6 months before a replacement is needed. The pellets are small measuring 3 by 9 mm.

They can be implanted in any part of the skin. The procedure is short and done in a doctors office. This is usually done near the hip.

The process is simple. A small incision is made after the skin has been anesthetized and between 10 and 12 pills implanted. The main drawbacks of this form of medication include:

The powders are made of crushed herbs and their side effects are relatively low. They are made of Tribulus Terrestris, DHEA, Creatine, HMB and L-arginine.

Some side effects include:

A testosterone diet stimulates the production of natural testosterone. Unlike medication, a diet takes longer to bring results.

This diet aims to reduce weight by using low carbs and concentrating healthy fats, proteins and vegetables. This diet also lowers the cortisol levels, which may affect the T levels.

The natural way of boosting testosterone is eating food rich in a number of nutrients. In most cases, what your body needs is vitamin D3 and zinc. While there are several food and drugs designed to stimulate the production of testosterone, the results will depend on your overall health. Some of the foods known to boost the production of testosterone include:

Testosterone is the hormone responsible for the development of male sexual characteristics including growth of hair, deepening of the voice and production of sperm. This hormone regulates sex drive in men. With low levels of testosterone, an individual suffers erectile dysfunction and produces less sperms which is a turn off when it comes to sex.

Low testosterone is associated with erectile dysfunction, a condition also referred to as impotence in men. Here, the penis cannot get a full erection. However, there is no evidence that links low testosterone levels to erectile dysfunction directly. Low t-levels aid atherosclerosis, a condition in which the arteries harden.

Again, with low T levels, a low number of sperm is produced, or no sperm are produced at all, and this may result to infertility.

Testosterone is involved directly in the production of facial and chest hair in men and women. With increased metabolism, more blood is supplied to the skin and this results in skin health, which leads to faster hair growth.

Theres also a link to hair loss. Baldness affects about 30 percent of men. The hormone causing baldness is known as Dihydrotestosterone (DHT). This hormone is created from testosterone by enzyme 5-alpha reductase. DHT increases the sensitivity of hair follicles, which them leads to hair loss.

High or low levels of testosterone in the body lead to a number of side effects. Naturally, testosterone levels will go down with age. The good thing, a boost in testosterone is possible either naturally or medically.

Originally posted here:
Testosterone | What is Testosterone and How to Increase ...

Understand the potential risks and consider alternatives before boosting your hormones indefinitely.

Millions of American men use a prescription testosterone gel or injection to restore normal levels of the manly hormone. The ongoing pharmaceutical marketing blitz promises that treating "low T" this way can make men feel more alert, energetic, mentally sharp, and sexually functional. However, legitimate safety concerns linger. For example, some older men on testosterone could face higher cardiac risks.

"Because of the marketing, men have been flooded with information about the potential benefit of fixing low testosterone, but not with the potential costs," says Dr. Carl Pallais, an endocrinologist and assistant professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School. "Men should be much more mindful of the possible long-term complications."

MIND Depression Reduced self-confidence Difficulty concentrating Disturbed sleep

BODY Declining muscle and bone mass Increased body fat Fatigue Swollen or tender breasts Flushing or hot flashes

SEXUAL FUNCTION Lower sex drive Fewer spontaneous erections Difficulty sustaining erections

Images: Thinkstock

A loophole in FDA regulations allows pharmaceutical marketers to urge men to talk to their doctors if they have certain "possible signs" of testosterone deficiency. "Virtually everybody asks about this now because the direct-to-consumer marketing is so aggressive," says Dr. Michael O'Leary, a urologist at Harvard-affiliated Brigham and Women's Hospital. "Tons of men who would never have asked me about it before started to do so when they saw ads that say 'Do you feel tired?'"

Just being tired isn't enough to get a testosterone prescription. "General fatigue and malaise is pretty far down my list," Dr. O'Leary says. "But if they have significant symptoms, they'll need to have a lab test. In most men the testosterone level is normal."

If a man's testosterone looks below the normal range, there is a good chance he could end up on hormone supplementsoften indefinitely. "There is a bit of a testosterone trap," Dr. Pallais says. "Men get started on testosterone replacement and they feel better, but then it's hard to come off of it. On treatment, the body stops making testosterone. Men can often feel a big difference when they stop therapy because their body's testosterone production has not yet recovered."

This wouldn't matter so much if we were sure that long-term hormone therapy is safe, but some experts worry that low-T therapy is exposing men to small risks that could add up to harm over time.

A relatively small number of men experience immediate side effects of testosterone supplementation, such as acne, disturbed breathing while sleeping, breast swelling or tenderness, or swelling in the ankles. Doctors also watch out for high red blood cell counts, which could increase the risk of clotting.

Men on long-term testosterone appear to have a higher risk of cardiovascular problems, like heart attacks, strokes, and deaths from heart disease. For example, in 2010, researchers halted the Testosterone in Older Men study when early results showed that men on hormone treatments had noticeably more heart problems. "In older men, theoretical cardiac side effects become a little more immediate," Dr. Pallais says.

Some physicians also have a lingering concern that testosterone therapy could stimulate the growth of prostate cancer cells. As with the hypothetical cardiac risks, the evidence is mixed. But because prostate cancer is so common, doctors tend to be leery of prescribing testosterone to men who may be at risk.

For men with low blood testosterone levels, the benefits of hormone replacement therapy usually outweigh potential risks. However, for most other men it's a shared decision with your doctor. It offers men who feel lousy a chance to feel better, but that quick fix could distract attention from unknown long-term hazards. "I can't tell you for certain that this raises your personal risk of heart problems and prostate cancer, or that it doesn't," Dr. Pallais says.

So, keep risks in mind when considering testosterone therapy. "I frequently discourage it, particularly if the man has borderline levels," Dr. Pallais says.

These steps can help you feel more energetic today without drugs or dietary supplements:

Pace yourself: Spread out activities throughout the day.

Take a walk: It gives you a lift when you feel pooped out.

Snack smart: Have a snack with fiber and some protein between meals.

A large, definitive trial for hormone treatment of men is still to come. Until then, here is how to take a cautious approach to testosterone therapy.

Have you considered other reasons why you may be experiencing fatigue, low sex drive, and other symptoms attributable to low testosterone? For example, do you eat a balanced, nutritious diet? Do you exercise regularly? Do you sleep well? Address these factors before turning to hormone therapy.

If your sex life is not what it used to be, have you ruled out relationship or psychological issues that could be contributing?

If erectile dysfunction has caused you to suspect "low T" as the culprit, consider that cardiovascular disease can also cause erectile dysfunction.

Inaccurate or misinterpreted test results can either falsely diagnose or miss a case of testosterone deficiency. Your testosterone level should be measured between 7 am and 10 am, when it's at its peak. Confirm a low reading with a second test on a different day. It may require multiple measurements and careful interpretation to establish bioavailable testosterone, or the amount of the hormone that is able to have effects on the body. Consider getting a second opinion from an endocrinologist.

After starting therapy, follow-up with your physician periodically to have testosterone checks and other lab tests to make sure the therapy is not causing any problems with your prostate or blood chemistry.

Approach testosterone therapy with caution if you are at high risk for prostate cancer; have severe urinary symptoms from prostate enlargement; or have diagnosed heart disease, a previous heart attack, or multiple risk factors for heart problems.

Ask your doctor to explain the various side effects for the differentformulations of testosterone, such as gels, patches, and injections. Know what to look for if something goes wrong.

Testosterone therapy is not a fountain of youth. There is no proof that it will restore you to the level of physical fitness or sexual function of your youth, make you live longer, prevent heart disease or prostate cancer, or improve your memory or mental sharpness. Do not seek therapy with these expectations in mind.

If erectile function has been a problem, testosterone therapy might not fix it. In fact, it might increase your sex drive but not allow you to act on it. You may also need medication or other therapy for difficulty getting or maintaining erections.

More here:
Is testosterone therapy safe? Take a breath before you take ...

A PowerfulErection Booster

Pine Pollen, Testosterone

Two words you need to remember if your bedroom performance could use a lift.

Because pine pollen does one thing incredibly well

It facilitates increased testosterone production inside the testicleswithout causingtesticular atrophy.

And this is a Huge point.

You can almost look at this stuff as the plant version of anabolic steroidswithout allthe negative B.S.

But thats not all it can do

Because pine pollen is basically tree sperm. Acrobatic semen that gets blown into thewind with the hope.

That it will land on a female ovary (blossom) and inseminate it.

This is how pine treebabies are made.

And like the sperm of any species, this tree shoots out some potent materialthat for someStrange Reason.

Human males respond really well to.

Pine Pollen also impacts sex hormone binding globulin, nitric oxide production AND estrogen balancein human males.

So this stuff works on hormones and on erections.

But its important that you cycle this herb so you dont develop tolerance to it.

You can read more about cyclinghere.

Now heres more on this subject from Spencer

There are severalnatural ways to help you get it up bigger and better than ever

Remedies that have been passed down for thousands of years and remedies that have just been discovered.

Pine pollen is one of those hundred year remedies. Whether youre struggling with erectile dysfunction, or you just want some harder wood, pine pollen can really help you get going.

Heres how

Pine pollen is a supplement derived from (obviously) the pollen of pine trees, usually the Masson pine, the Chinese oil pine, or the Scots Pine.

Aside from helping ED, it has wide range of benefits that will make you healthier, and moresexually fit (source)

First, pine pollen is full of vitamins, minerals, and amino acids, which collectively work to help your body function at a higher level.

Second, pine pollen has loads of sterols, which are naturally occurring plant steroids.

In pine pollen, sterols work to benefit your total health in a range of ways:

Brassinolide improves liver function Castasterone is a strong antiviral Gibberellins help regulate prostate size

In addition, pine pollen has been used in China for thousands of years as an anti-inflammatory treatment, as a way to clean up free radicals, and to slow the aging process.

However, its major use remains for its tremendous (and natural) improvement of your morning wood.

Pine pollen will help increase your testosterone levels through its role as an androgen. But testosterone isnt the only way that it can help you get (and keep) a good erection.

Pine pollen also works to improve your erections in two otherways: with arginine, and through superoxide dismutase, or SOD.

Ive talked about arginine and ED before, but the core idea is that arginine is required to produce nitric oxide, which in turn is needed to get blood flowing to your penis and then to hold it there.

Pine pollen contains natural arginine that your body will put to use to buildstronger erections. Arginine is good for your sperm too, improving sperm motility, general fertility, and cranking up sperm production.

The result is a better erection with more (and better) swimmers.

SOD is an enzyme that acts in your body to break down free radicals. When it comes to ED, oxidative stress (having too many free radicals in your body) has been linked to age related ED (source).

The problem is that free radicals effect the metabolic pathways that lead to NO production and the natural release of cGMP.

Basically, when youve got too many free radicals running around, yourability to achieve an erection will diminish.

SOD is an enzyme that can specifically target the type of free radicals that cause the most problems (superoxides), and can alleviate the symptoms quickly and easily.

At the end of the day, pine pollen helps you get hard by both increasing how much NO you have in your system, and decreasing the number of roadblocks you have to go through to get your erection.

This dual action is why its so effective, and why its been used for hundreds of years to treat ED.

And thats all without testosterone

Pine pollen is one of natures greatest sourcesof testosterone and other androgens, particularly phytoandrogens.

Phytoandrogens are testosterone for plants. But they work for us too.

What makes pine pollen so unique is that instead of simply providing you a boost of testosterone, it actually promotes your bodies ability to build its own..

With a combination of the adaptogenic effects of phytoandrogens and the fact that sterols promote testosterone production by binding to the receptors in your testicles.

Other androgens in pine pollen include DHEA, androsteroneand androstenedione,a weaker androgenthatsan intermediary step in the production of testosterone.

By boosting your entire androgen system, pine pollen helps facilitate the production and absorption of testosterone and other male hormones, which in turn improve your libido.

So what sort of improvements?Big ones

First, low fertility is associated with low levels of testosterone production in your testes.

Because pine pollen improves your ecosystem for testosterone production, rather than just shooting you full of testosterone, its actually going to increase your ability to produce sperm at a higher rate, leading to better fertility over time.

Its like teaching a man to fish, rather than buying him a sandwich.

Second, by increasing how much testosterone is in your body, youre going to increase how much dihydrotestosterone (DHT) you have as well.

This is the main regulator of both cGMP and nitric oxide, which means that youll find it easier to get hard when you want.

And finally, this pine pollentestosterone connection willhelp you reverse the effects of andropause and keep your hormones in balance. This is key to having a successful sex life.

Were updating this article because a new group of studies shows another important way pine pollen can help solve your erectile dysfunction issues.

Turns out, pine pollen acts as a powerful natural anti inflammatory.

Why does this matter?

Because inflammation is one of the primary drivers behind erectile dysfunction in humans.

That may seem to make little sense, since an erection could be described as inflammation of the junk.

But its much more complex than that, and matters more than you might think.

Science has known for a while that some causes of inflammation also cause ED.

Examples include smoking, drinking and eating inflammatory foods like highly refined carbohydrates and low quality omega 6 fats.

Correlation and causation arent the same thing, but when two things are closely linked such as inflammation and ED, theres a good chance fixing one can fix the other.

Adding more weight to this argument, we now know beyond a shadow of a doubt that inflammation can exacerbate a variety of circulatory problems.

And as you probably already know, healthy circulation is vital if you want to avoid erectile dysfunction

So anything that reduces or prevents inflammation will lead to better circulation and will also reduce or prevent ED.

For example, even inflammation of the gums can cause ED, according to work by researchers at the Luzhou Medical College in China (source).

In this study, scientists found a direct and proportional correlation between gum inflammation in rodents and reduced erectile function.

Bottom line: if pine pollen can reduce inflammation, it can help with your erectile dysfunction.

Now, lets take a look at a few more pine pollen studies

Kyunghee University, Seoul, Korea.

Back in 2007, a team of researchers in the Nutrition department investigated what pine pollen extract could do with inflammation and pain in mice.

This study first induced inflammation of the paw and ear. They gave the mice an extract of pine pollen, in doses of 100 or 200 mg per kilogram of body weight.

The pine pollen extract significantly reduced inflammation of the paw and ear, and did so more with the higher dosage than with the lower dosage.

This study also tested the impact of pine pollen on pain threshold.

The less said about those methods, the betterbut the results led researchers to say the pain and inflammation reduction qualities of pine pollen were similar to that of a full dose of aspirin (source).

Fast-forward one year

Following up on their research, the same team looked at the chemical processes behind their results with experiments on tissues gathered in-vitro from mouse specimens.

The science on this one is pretty technical

It includes stuff along the lines of antioxidant activity increased with the addition of PPE to the linoleic acid emulsion.

Pine pollen extract was also found to inhibit significantly the amount of malondialdehyde and protein carbonyls, etc

Engaging our scientist-to-english dictionary

The study applied pine pollen extract to love cells to test its properties as an antioxidant and antiinflammatory.

What they found was that pine pollen reduced inflammation and oxidation by directly interfering with the biochemical process that causes inflammation in rodents and in humans.

In 2009, the team was ready to attempt a treatment protocol

They treated mice who were somehow given arthritis with pine pollen extract and monitored whether the pine pollen reduced joint inflammation in the rodents.

After 49 days, arthritis-related inflammation was markedly reduced in the subjects.

The researchers concluded

Pine pollen was a potentially effective treatment for chronic inflammatory illnesses.

The bottom line?

If inflammation is contributing to your erectile dysfunction, pine pollen will almost certainly help.

There are fewreported side effects of pine pollen for the vast majority of users.

Unlike manufactured steroids, PP does not cause down regulation of testosterone, nor does it cause testicular shrinkage.

Some people are allergic to pine pollen and (obviously ) should avoid using it.

The best option is to give it a try and see how it goes, starting with a smaller dose the first time if youre prone to allergies.

There area few variations on pine pollen supplements that you can take, but its most common forms are either as a tincture or a powder.

A tincture is a liquid extract mixed with alcohol. In this case, its basically pine pollen put in a jar with alcohol(or another solution like vinegar) and left for a few weeks.

Its possible to make your own, but its unlikely to be as potent as what you can buy from a reputable source.

See the original post:
Pine Pollen Testosterone: A Powerful Erection Booster

Page 92«..1020..91929394..100..»

Home » Testosterone » Page 92