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Freddy McConnell is a transgender man whose pregnancy was the subject of the film "Seahorse."Photo: Manuel Vazquez for "Seahorse"/Promotional image

A recent study from a fertility clinic in Massachusetts has found that transgender men who stop taking testosterone (T) had similar egg yields to cisgender women.

Boston IVF is a fertility clinic and research center, and they decided to look at years of data they had collected to see if T had a permanent effect on fertility, even after a transgender man stops taking it.

Related: How a transgender dad won the right to be the legal father of the child he carried

They found that about half of transgender men who wanted to become pregnant were undergoing hormone replacement therapy (HRT) before they tried to get pregnant. Those who were taking it stopped on average four months before undergoing ovarian stimulation cycles as part of an in-vitro fertilization process.

And they had similar egg yields to cisgender women who never took testosterone.

The landmark study involved data from 25 transgender men.

The numbers were very small, but it was very reassuring that even though these transgender men had taken testosterone, when they stopped it and were treated, they responded well and we had good outcomes, Boston IVF Medical Director Dr. Samuel Pang told NBC News.

The studys results flies in the face of the conventional wisdom that transgender men need to freeze eggs before starting T in order to one day have children.

Emmett Hardiman said that he knew he was transgender since he was young and he started HRT when he turned 18. He thought that he was definitely going to be infertile.

I had to make a choice, he said.

But his period started again several years later when he stopped T due to a lack of insurance. He had eggs harvested and his wife carried two children who came from those eggs. (Fertility experts recommend trans men go off hormones to collect and freeze eggs, although one 16-year-old trans boy reportedly was able to have eggs harvested without going off hormones.)

Dr. Pang said that even though its possible for trans men to go off HRT to have a child, that can still be asking too much.

The thought of stopping testosterone or going through hormone treatments if very daunting for them, so they frequently will not pursue it because of that, he said.

Just having to go off testosterone in order to do IVF was not a great option, but it was, to me, better than the alternative, said Hardiman.

The study looked at transgender men who started HRT as adults. Dr. Johanna Olson-Kennedy, medical director of the Center for Transyouth Health and Development at Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, said that it would probably be different for trans men who took puberty blockers and then moved directly on to T since their reproductive organs never matured.

We dont know because no one has ever done it, she said. It stands to reason that somebody would, because your hypothalamus doesnt change.

See more here:
Trans men who have been on testosterone can still be fertile - LGBTQ Nation

Erectile dysfunction may be an early warning sign of broader health problems. That's the suggestion from a new retrospectiveanalysisof European men, which found that erectile dysfunction and other sexual symptoms were associated with a greater risk of death, independent of testosterone levels.

Similar studies have shown links between mortality and sexual dysfunction, or between mortality and testosterone level, but the current study is unique,Leen Antonio, MD, PhD,assistant professor of endocrinology at Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (Belgium), said in a presentation during the annual meeting of the Endocrine Society, which was presented online this year. The actual meeting, scheduled for March 28-31 in San Francisco, was canceled because of COVID-19 concerns.

"It's the first time we have put both together in the same group of people, and we can say that it's mostly the sexual symptoms that are predicting the mortality risk, independent of the testosterone levels of these men," Dr. Antonio said in an interview.

"We can regard sexual symptoms as a marker for adverse health status in general. It's like a warning signal that you're at risk for more severe problems," Dr. Antonio added.

Dr. Antonio advised clinicians to test blood pressure and cholesterol levels in men presenting with sexual dysfunction and to counsel lifestyle changes, such as physical activity and weight management. "These can be beneficial for sexual symptoms and for general health and the risk for cardiovascular disease in the future."

Although the study could not identify a reason for the relationship between sexual dysfunction and mortality, Dr. Antonio hypothesized that the narrow penile artery may be more likely to suffer noticeable effects in the early stages of atherosclerosis, before clinical effects occur in the coronary artery.

Michael Blaha, MD, professor of medicine and director of clinical research at the Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, who has studied erectile dysfunction (ED) and its association with cardiovascular disease, said that the study is further evidence that ED is an important and independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and other health risks. He would like to see a move toward establishing men's health clinics, where risk factors can be identified and mitigated through lifestyle changes and therapies.

"There needs to be a complete rethink of the way we approach the whole group of patients who present with erectile dysfunction to various specialists," he said in an interview, noting that middle-aged men often present to ED specialists after years of not having any contact with the health system. In that group, ED can be an early warning sign that could trigger broader interventions.

"This points to the need for more men's health clinics that are focused on the early detection of risk factors, and treating erectile dysfunction and other risk factors in a more comprehensive way," said Dr. Blaha, who was not associated with the study.

Dr. Antonio and colleagues studied 1,913 community-dwelling men, who participated in theEuropean Male Ageing Study. Baseline information on sexual function and testosterone levels was collected between 2003 and 2005. The men were aged 40-79 years at study entry, and "because of the wide age range at study entry, age was used as time scale, instead of years since inclusion adjusting for age," the researchers explained.

Over a mean follow-up of 12.4 years, 25.3% of participants died. Body mass index was higher in men who died (P= .002), but there was no significant difference in smoking status. Both groups had similar levels of total testosterone, but free testosterone was lower in the deceased population (270 pmol/L vs. 312 pmol/L;P< .001), whereas luteinizing hormone levels were higher (7.8 units/L vs. 5.7 units/L;P< .001).

The lowest quartile of free testosterone level was associated with higher mortality risk (hazard ratio, 1.43;P= .021), whereas the highest quartile of follicle-stimulating hormone was associated with greater mortality risk (HR, 1.38;P= .036). There was no association between mortality risk and total testosterone or estradiol.

Men reporting three sexual symptoms at baseline had a higher mortality risk than those reporting no symptoms (HR, 1.77;P< .001). There was an association between mortality risk and ED (HR, 1.40;P= .001) and poor morning erections (HR, 1.30;P= .012), but not low libido.

The associations were not affected after adjustment for total testosterone or free testosterone. Among men with normal total testosterone (>12 nmol/L), sexual symptoms were associated with heightened mortality risk (HR, 1.51;P= .003), and the same was true in men with total testosterone levels of less than 8 nmol, compared with men with normal total testosterone who reported no sexual symptoms (HR, 1.92;P= .035).

The European Male Ageing Study received support from the European Union. Dr. Antonio has no relevant financial disclosures. Dr. Blaha has received grants from Amgen and is on advisory boards for Amgen and other pharmaceutical firms. Dr. Antonio and her team's research will be published in a special supplemental issue of the Journal of the Endocrine Society. In addition to a series of news conferences on March 30-31, the society will hostENDO Online 2020during June 8-22, which will present programming for clinicians and researchers.

SOURCE:Antonio L et al. ENDO 2020,Abstract OR02-06.

This article originally appeared on MDedge.com.

Go here to read the rest:
Erectile Dysfunction: It's Worse Than You Think - Medscape

Three chemicals with floral, fruity scents are likely essential ingredients in the natural cologne male ring-tailed lemurs use to attract a mate. Experts in odor communication say these chemicals could be the first fully identified sex pheromones in primates.

During the yearly breeding season, male lemurs rub glands on their wrists against their fluffy tails and then wave their tails at females, a behavior called "stink flirting." Only ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) have these wrist glands and exhibit "stink flirting" behavior. The wrist glands produce a clear liquid, never before examined in detail.

"What made our study different is that we have expertise in chemistry, while most studies of animal communication are done by ecologists," said Professor Kazushige Touhara, an expert studying olfaction, the sense of smell, at the University of Tokyo and leader of the recent research study, published inCurrent Biology.

Recipe for lemur cologne

Researchers collected the clear liquid from males' wrist glands during both the breeding and nonbreeding seasons, then analyzed its chemical components.

The analytical technique gas chromatography-mass spectrometry can identify chemicals based on their electrical charge, molecular weight and other aspects. The research team also benefited from newer technology that can analyze small samples without complicated pretreatment.

Three odor compounds (dodecanal, 12-methyltridecanal and tetradecanal) were more abundant and one (acetamide) was less abundant in the wrist gland liquid collected during the breeding season.

Male lemurs' testosterone levels are naturally higher during the breeding season and at younger ages.

When researchers artificially increased the testosterone of a healthy, young male lemur during the nonbreeding season, the amount of the odor compounds tended to increase, similar to breeding season levels.

"This increase really supports the connection between testosterone and these odor compounds," said Project Assistant Professor Mika Shirasu, a member of the Touhara lab and co-first author of the research publication.

Females' sniff test

Researchers also saved males' breeding season wrist gland secretions to soak in cotton pads and present to females during the nonbreeding season.

"Outside of the breeding season, females had no special interest in any of the male odors we tested," said Shirasu.

To discover if any of the three odor compounds are more important for attracting females' attention, researchers presented females with cotton pads soaked in the individual odor compounds, a blend of the three compounds to mimic normal male breeding season wrist gland secretions, or a neutral control liquid.

When tested in their normal social environment, female lemurs showed no increased interest in any of the three individual male odor compounds. The more natural blend of the three compounds did capture their interest, measured as a longer time spent sniffing that cotton pad.

Although researchers can observe female lemurs' interest, the outcomes of that interest are more complicated to study.

"Curiosity does not necessarily mean sexual attraction. We cannot say for certain yet if a female spending a longer time interested in the scent means that a male will be more successful at mating," said Touhara.

Fragrance for lemurs only

It remains impossible to predict what the three likely lemur sex pheromones might mean for other primates, including humans.

"There are no humans waving tails at each other," said Touhara.

Lemurs are part of a different evolutionary lineage called the wet-nosed strepsirrhines, which have a greater sense of smell than the dry-nosed haplorhine group that includes humans and apes.

"Maybe there are no sex pheromones in humans, but there are probably odors - like parents smelling their baby's heads - that we use to affect each other's emotions," said Touhara.

Researchers cannot yet refer to the odors identified in lemurs as official sex pheromones due to the scientific definition that a pheromone must be used for communication only between members of a single species. The research team hopes that ecologists and zoologists may be able to use these new details about likely sex pheromones to increase understanding of primate behavior.

This research project was conducted over seven years, led by the University of Tokyo in collaboration with partners at Kyoto University, the Research Institute of Evolutionary Biology and the Japan Monkey Centre.

Follow this link:
Odor experts uncover the smelly chemistry of lemur love - Jill Lopez

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The Global Testosterone Replacement Therapy Market is highly consolidated, and the leading players in the industry have undertaken strategic initiatives, including product launches, regional expansion, agreements, joint ventures, partnerships, mergers and acquisitions, and others to strengthen their presence in the global industry. The research study encompasses the market shares held by the major regions in the Testosterone Replacement Therapy sector viz., North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, and the Middle East & Africa.

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AbbVieEndo InternationalEli lillyPfizerActavis (Allergan)BayerNovartisTevaMylanUpsher-SmithFerring Pharmaceuticals

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Report analyzes the latest information pertaining to the micro- and macro-economic indicators influencing the market in the forecast years, highlighting the drivers and constraints operating in the market. The study gives an extensive statistical analysis that quantifies the critical market information, along with valuable insights into the future of the market derived through interviews of industry experts and consultants.

Market segmentation of the Global Testosterone Replacement Therapy Industry based on Product Types:

GelsInjectionsPatchesOther

Market segmentation of the Global Testosterone Replacement Therapy Industry based on Major Applications/End users:

HospitalsClinicsOthers

Market segmentation of the Global Testosterone Replacement Therapy Industry based on Geographical Break-down:North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, and Middle East & Africa

To get a detailed understanding of the market, the study provides a comparative market share revenue analysis (Million USD) by leading players and market shares (%) held by the leading players, along with a qualitative evaluation of all players has also been provided to decipher the market concentration rate.

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Some key market features and major highlights from the report:

1) Which prominent companies have been profiled in this study? Can the list of companies be customized subject to the regional markets we are targeting?

Yes, the list of companies can also be tailored as per your requirements or your areas of interest and can even include the emerging players from the targeted geographies.

** The companies covered by the report may be different in the final report subject to factors such as change of name, mergers & acquisitions, or other such activities based on the difficulty of survey since data availability will need to be confirmed by the research team especially in case of privately-held companies. Up to two companies can be added at no additional cost.

2) What is the regional coverage of the report? Is it possible to add specific countries or regions of interest?

Currently, the research report focuses on the regions of North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, and Middle East & Africa. Yes, it will be possible for the researchers to give information pertaining to specific regions as per your research needs.

3) Can the market be segmented based on applications or product types?

Additional segmentation/Market breakdown is possible depending on data availability, feasibility, and timeline, among others. However, a detailed list requirement is to be provided to the researchers before making any final confirmation.

**Additional countries subject to your interest can be included at no extra cost based on a feasibility test undertaken by our team of expert analysts to examine your requirements and will accordingly determine the time of delivery.

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To study the market dynamics of the Global Testosterone Replacement Therapy sector, the report looks at the leading regions for the Testosterone Replacement Therapy industry. This market intelligence study also offers customization of the regions in the geographical assessment of the market, which covers the regions of:

In this study, the years considered to estimate the market size of Global Testosterone Replacement Therapy are as follows:

Historical Years: 2016-2018

Base Year: 2019

Estimated Year: 2020

Forecast Years: 2020 to 2027

Key Stakeholders Covered:

For in-depth analysis of value chain and supply chain of the industry, the study draws focus on the backward & forward Integration:

Testosterone Replacement Therapy Manufacturers Testosterone Replacement Therapy Distributors/Traders/Wholesalers Testosterone Replacement Therapy Sub-component Manufacturers Industry Association Downstream Vendors

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Key facts and figures and a detailed assessment of the Testosterone Replacement Therapy market size estimation and business opportunities are available in the full report.

Thanks for reading this article. You can also get chapter-wise sections or region-wise report coverage for North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, and Middle East & Africa.

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Testosterone Replacement Therapy Market to Witness Sales Slump in 2020 Due to COVID-19| Long-term Outlook Remains Positive - Daily Science

A new growth forecast report titled Global Testosterone Cypionate Market 2020 by Manufacturers, Regions, Type and Application, Forecast to 2026 contains a full-scale analysis of the global market which highlights market dynamics, risk factors, and product specification and technological advancement impacting the global market growth. The report has mentioned detailed evaluation, elementary statistics and necessary details about the predicted period from 2020-2026. The report analyzes global Testosterone Cypionate market value, innovative development procedures in the upcoming years, SWOT analysis and competitive landscape appraisal.

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Global Testosterone Cypionate Market 2020 by Manufacturers, Regions, Type and Application, Forecast to 2026 - Germany English News

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On the basis of product type, this report displays the shipments, revenue (Million USD), price, and market share and growth rate of each type: Gels, Injections, Patches, Other

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Global Testosterone Replacement Therapy Market 2020 Regional Analysis, Growth Prospects, Size, Outlook and Forecast 2025 - Galus Australis

Complete study of the global Testosterone Cypionate market is carried out by the analysts in this report, taking into consideration key factors like drivers, challenges, recent trends, opportunities, advancements, and competitive landscape. This report offers a clear understanding of the present as well as future scenario of the global Testosterone Cypionate industry. Research techniques like PESTLE and Porters Five Forces analysis have been deployed by the researchers. They have also provided accurate data on Testosterone Cypionate production, capacity, price, cost, margin, and revenue to help the players gain a clear understanding into the overall existing and future market situation.

Key companies operating in the global Testosterone Cypionate market include _Pfizer, Cipla, Sun Pharmaceutical, Teva, Perrigo, Hikma Pharmaceuticals

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https://www.qyresearch.com/index/detail/1542957/global-testosterone-cypionate-market

Segmental Analysis

The report has classified the global Testosterone Cypionate industry into segments including product type and application. Every segment is evaluated based on growth rate and share. Besides, the analysts have studied the potential regions that may prove rewarding for the Testosterone Cypionate manufcaturers in the coming years. The regional analysis includes reliable predictions on value and volume, thereby helping market players to gain deep insights into the overall Testosterone Cypionate industry.

Global Testosterone Cypionate Market Segment By Type:

, 200 mg/mL, 100 mg/mL

Global Testosterone Cypionate Market Segment By Application:

Primary hypogonadism, Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, Late-onset hypogonadism Global Testosterone Cypionate

Competitive Landscape

It is important for every market participant to be familiar with the competitive scenario in the global Testosterone Cypionate industry. In order to fulfil the requirements, the industry analysts have evaluated the strategic activities of the competitors to help the key players strengthen their foothold in the market and increase their competitiveness.

Key companies operating in the global Testosterone Cypionate market include _Pfizer, Cipla, Sun Pharmaceutical, Teva, Perrigo, Hikma Pharmaceuticals

Key questions answered in the report:

Enquire Customization in The Report: https://www.qyresearch.com/customize-request/form/1542957/global-testosterone-cypionate-market

TOC

Table of Contents 1 Testosterone Cypionate Market Overview1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Testosterone Cypionate1.2 Testosterone Cypionate Segment by Type1.2.1 Global Testosterone Cypionate Sales Growth Rate Comparison by Type (2021-2026)1.2.2 200 mg/mL1.2.3 100 mg/mL1.3 Testosterone Cypionate Segment by Application1.3.1 Testosterone Cypionate Sales Comparison by Application: 2020 VS 20261.3.2 Primary hypogonadism1.3.3 Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism1.3.4 Late-onset hypogonadism1.4 Global Testosterone Cypionate Market Size Estimates and Forecasts1.4.1 Global Testosterone Cypionate Revenue 2015-20261.4.2 Global Testosterone Cypionate Sales 2015-20261.4.3 Testosterone Cypionate Market Size by Region: 2020 Versus 2026 2 Global Testosterone Cypionate Market Competition by Manufacturers2.1 Global Testosterone Cypionate Sales Market Share by Manufacturers (2015-2020)2.2 Global Testosterone Cypionate Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2015-2020)2.3 Global Testosterone Cypionate Average Price by Manufacturers (2015-2020)2.4 Manufacturers Testosterone Cypionate Manufacturing Sites, Area Served, Product Type2.5 Testosterone Cypionate Market Competitive Situation and Trends2.5.1 Testosterone Cypionate Market Concentration Rate2.5.2 Global Top 5 and Top 10 Players Market Share by Revenue2.5.3 Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3)2.6 Manufacturers Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans2.7 Primary Interviews with Key Testosterone Cypionate Players (Opinion Leaders) 3 Testosterone Cypionate Retrospective Market Scenario by Region3.1 Global Testosterone Cypionate Retrospective Market Scenario in Sales by Region: 2015-20203.2 Global Testosterone Cypionate Retrospective Market Scenario in Revenue by Region: 2015-20203.3 North America Testosterone Cypionate Market Facts & Figures by Country3.3.1 North America Testosterone Cypionate Sales by Country3.3.2 North America Testosterone Cypionate Sales by Country3.3.3 U.S.3.3.4 Canada3.4 Europe Testosterone Cypionate Market Facts & Figures by Country3.4.1 Europe Testosterone Cypionate Sales by Country3.4.2 Europe Testosterone Cypionate Sales by Country3.4.3 Germany3.4.4 France3.4.5 U.K.3.4.6 Italy3.4.7 Russia3.5 Asia Pacific Testosterone Cypionate Market Facts & Figures by Region3.5.1 Asia Pacific Testosterone Cypionate Sales by Region3.5.2 Asia Pacific Testosterone Cypionate Sales by Region3.5.3 China3.5.4 Japan3.5.5 South Korea3.5.6 India3.5.7 Australia3.5.8 Taiwan3.5.9 Indonesia3.5.10 Thailand3.5.11 Malaysia3.5.12 Philippines3.5.13 Vietnam3.6 Latin America Testosterone Cypionate Market Facts & Figures by Country3.6.1 Latin America Testosterone Cypionate Sales by Country3.6.2 Latin America Testosterone Cypionate Sales by Country3.6.3 Mexico3.6.3 Brazil3.6.3 Argentina3.7 Middle East and Africa Testosterone Cypionate Market Facts & Figures by Country3.7.1 Middle East and Africa Testosterone Cypionate Sales by Country3.7.2 Middle East and Africa Testosterone Cypionate Sales by Country3.7.3 Turkey3.7.4 Saudi Arabia3.7.5 U.A.E 4 Global Testosterone Cypionate Historic Market Analysis by Type4.1 Global Testosterone Cypionate Sales Market Share by Type (2015-2020)4.2 Global Testosterone Cypionate Revenue Market Share by Type (2015-2020)4.3 Global Testosterone Cypionate Price Market Share by Type (2015-2020)4.4 Global Testosterone Cypionate Market Share by Price Tier (2015-2020): Low-End, Mid-Range and High-End 5 Global Testosterone Cypionate Historic Market Analysis by Application5.1 Global Testosterone Cypionate Sales Market Share by Application (2015-2020)5.2 Global Testosterone Cypionate Revenue Market Share by Application (2015-2020)5.3 Global Testosterone Cypionate Price by Application (2015-2020) 6 Company Profiles and Key Figures in Testosterone Cypionate Business6.1 Pfizer6.1.1 Corporation Information6.1.2 Pfizer Description, Business Overview and Total Revenue6.1.3 Pfizer Testosterone Cypionate Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2015-2020)6.1.4 Pfizer Products Offered6.1.5 Pfizer Recent Development6.2 Cipla6.2.1 Cipla Testosterone Cypionate Production Sites and Area Served6.2.2 Cipla Description, Business Overview and Total Revenue6.2.3 Cipla Testosterone Cypionate Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2015-2020)6.2.4 Cipla Products Offered6.2.5 Cipla Recent Development6.3 Sun Pharmaceutical6.3.1 Sun Pharmaceutical Testosterone Cypionate Production Sites and Area Served6.3.2 Sun Pharmaceutical Description, Business Overview and Total Revenue6.3.3 Sun Pharmaceutical Testosterone Cypionate Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2015-2020)6.3.4 Sun Pharmaceutical Products Offered6.3.5 Sun Pharmaceutical Recent Development6.4 Teva6.4.1 Teva Testosterone Cypionate Production Sites and Area Served6.4.2 Teva Description, Business Overview and Total Revenue6.4.3 Teva Testosterone Cypionate Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2015-2020)6.4.4 Teva Products Offered6.4.5 Teva Recent Development6.5 Perrigo6.5.1 Perrigo Testosterone Cypionate Production Sites and Area Served6.5.2 Perrigo Description, Business Overview and Total Revenue6.5.3 Perrigo Testosterone Cypionate Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2015-2020)6.5.4 Perrigo Products Offered6.5.5 Perrigo Recent Development6.6 Hikma Pharmaceuticals6.6.1 Hikma Pharmaceuticals Testosterone Cypionate Production Sites and Area Served6.6.2 Hikma Pharmaceuticals Description, Business Overview and Total Revenue6.6.3 Hikma Pharmaceuticals Testosterone Cypionate Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2015-2020)6.6.4 Hikma Pharmaceuticals Products Offered6.6.5 Hikma Pharmaceuticals Recent Development 7 Testosterone Cypionate Manufacturing Cost Analysis7.1 Testosterone Cypionate Key Raw Materials Analysis7.1.1 Key Raw Materials7.1.2 Key Raw Materials Price Trend7.1.3 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials7.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure7.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Testosterone Cypionate7.4 Testosterone Cypionate Industrial Chain Analysis 8 Marketing Channel, Distributors and Customers8.1 Marketing Channel8.2 Testosterone Cypionate Distributors List8.3 Testosterone Cypionate Customers 9 Market Dynamics9.1 Market Trends9.2 Opportunities and Drivers9.3 Challenges9.4 Porters Five Forces Analysis 10 Global Market Forecast10.1 Global Testosterone Cypionate Market Estimates and Projections by Type10.1.1 Global Forecasted Sales of Testosterone Cypionate by Type (2021-2026)10.1.2 Global Forecasted Revenue of Testosterone Cypionate by Type (2021-2026)10.2 Testosterone Cypionate Market Estimates and Projections by Application10.2.1 Global Forecasted Sales of Testosterone Cypionate by Application (2021-2026)10.2.2 Global Forecasted Revenue of Testosterone Cypionate by Application (2021-2026)10.3 Testosterone Cypionate Market Estimates and Projections by Region10.3.1 Global Forecasted Sales of Testosterone Cypionate by Region (2021-2026)10.3.2 Global Forecasted Revenue of Testosterone Cypionate by Region (2021-2026)10.4 North America Testosterone Cypionate Estimates and Projections (2021-2026)10.5 Europe Testosterone Cypionate Estimates and Projections (2021-2026)10.6 Asia Pacific Testosterone Cypionate Estimates and Projections (2021-2026)10.7 Latin America Testosterone Cypionate Estimates and Projections (2021-2026)10.8 Middle East and Africa Testosterone Cypionate Estimates and Projections (2021-2026) 11 Research Finding and Conclusion 12 Methodology and Data Source12.1 Methodology/Research Approach12.1.1 Research Programs/Design12.1.2 Market Size Estimation12.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation12.2 Data Source12.2.1 Secondary Sources12.2.2 Primary Sources12.3 Author List12.4 Disclaimer*

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Testosterone Cypionate Market Size, Key Trends, Challenges and Standardization, Research, Key Players, Economic Impact and Forecast to 2026|Pfizer,...

New Jersey, United States:The new report has been added by Market Research Intellect to provide a detailed overview of the Testosterone Replacement Therapy Market. The study will help to better understand the Testosterone Replacement Therapy industry competitors, the sales channel, Testosterone Replacement Therapy growth potential, potentially disruptive trends, Testosterone Replacement Therapy industry product innovations and the value / volume of size market (regional / national level, Testosterone Replacement Therapy- Industrial segments), market share of the best actors / products.

Information has been added to the report to provide a realistic view of the industry based on data from Testosterone Replacement Therapy manufacturers, i.e. H. Shipping, price, sales, gross profit, business distribution, etc., SWOT analysis, consumer preference, current developments and trends, drivers and limiting factors, company profile, investment opportunities, analysis of the demand gap, market size value / volume, services and products, Porters five models , socio-economic factors, official regulations in the Testosterone Replacement Therapy branch. Market participants can use the report to take a look at the future of the Testosterone Replacement Therapy market and make significant changes to their operating style and marketing tactics in order to achieve sustainable growth.

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The report examines the competitive environment scenario observed with key players in Testosterone Replacement Therapy sales, the profile of their business, their earnings, their sales, their business tactics, and the forecasting situations of the Testosterone Replacement Therapy sales industry. According to studies, the Testosterone Replacement Therapy sales market is very competitive and diverse due to global and local suppliers.

The Testosterone Replacement Therapy Sales Market Report mainly contains the following Manufacturers:

Market Competition

The competitive landscape of the Testosterone Replacement Therapy market is examined in detail in the report, with a focus on the latest developments, the future plans of the main players and the most important growth strategies that they have adopted. The analysts who compiled the report have created a portrait of almost all of the major players in the Testosterone Replacement Therapy market, highlighting their key commercial aspects such as production, areas of activity and product portfolio. All companies analyzed in the report are examined on the basis of important factors such as market share, market growth, company size, production, sales and earnings.

Report Highlights

Assessment of sales channels

innovation trends

sustainability strategies

Niche market trends

Market entry analysis

market size and forecast

The geographic department provides data that give you an overview of the turnover of companies and sales figures for the growth activity Testosterone Replacement Therapy for electrical meters. Here are the strengths of the geographic divisions: North America (United States, Canada and Mexico), Europe (Germany, Spain, France, Great Britain, Russia and Italy and more), Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, Korea, India and Southeast Asia) and more ), South America (Brazil, Argentina, Colombia), the Middle East and Africa (Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Nigeria and South Africa) and ROW.

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Table of Content

1 Introduction of Testosterone Replacement Therapy Market1.1 Overview of the Market1.2 Scope of Report1.3 Assumptions

2 Executive Summary

3 Research Methodology3.1 Data Mining3.2 Validation3.3 Primary Interviews3.4 List of Data Sources

4 Testosterone Replacement Therapy Market Outlook4.1 Overview4.2 Market Dynamics4.2.1 Drivers4.2.2 Restraints4.2.3 Opportunities4.3 Porters Five Force Model4.4 Value Chain Analysis

5 Testosterone Replacement Therapy Market, By Deployment Model5.1 Overview

6 Testosterone Replacement Therapy Market, By Solution6.1 Overview

7 Testosterone Replacement Therapy Market, By Vertical7.1 Overview

8 Testosterone Replacement Therapy Market, By Geography8.1 Overview8.2 North America8.2.1 U.S.8.2.2 Canada8.2.3 Mexico8.3 Europe8.3.1 Germany8.3.2 U.K.8.3.3 France8.3.4 Rest of Europe8.4 Asia Pacific8.4.1 China8.4.2 Japan8.4.3 India8.4.4 Rest of Asia Pacific8.5 Rest of the World8.5.1 Latin America8.5.2 Middle East

9 Testosterone Replacement Therapy Market Competitive Landscape9.1 Overview9.2 Company Market Ranking9.3 Key Development Strategies

10 Company Profiles10.1.1 Overview10.1.2 Financial Performance10.1.3 Product Outlook10.1.4 Key Developments

11 Appendix11.1 Related Research

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Tags: Testosterone Replacement Therapy Market Size, Testosterone Replacement Therapy Market Growth, Testosterone Replacement Therapy Market Forecast, Testosterone Replacement Therapy Market Analysis, Testosterone Replacement Therapy Market Trends, Testosterone Replacement Therapy Market

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Testosterone Replacement Therapy Market Growth Analysis, Top Manufacturers, Shares, Growth Opportunities and Forecast to 2026 - Germany English News

As the COVID-19 pandemic unfolds, doctors are confronting the stark reality that the virus doesnt seem to kill equally. From the data available so far, weve learned that men are at a far higher risk of dying from the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, than are women.

In both Michigan and Washington state, for example, data on reported cases show more women than men have contracted the coronavirus. But men make up more than half of the deaths in both states. In New York, men have both contracted and died from the coronavirus at higher rates.

The differences in mortality are often put down to men behaving more riskily. But theres another explanation for womens immunological advantage. According to Sharon Moalem, a physician and author, women have an inherent advantage when it comes to diseases because of their two X chromosomes.

Men have an XY chromosome pairing, and it means they miss out on extra copies of some genes that could make a difference when it comes to fighting infectious diseases like that caused by the coronavirus. Hormones play a role as well: Testosterone can inhibit the immune system, while estrogen can stimulate it.

Moalem explores the topic in his book The Better Half: On the Genetic Superiority of Women. He talked with Discover recently about why women have a genetic advantage, and what that means during a pandemic like COVID-19.

Q: What advantages do women get from their two X chromosomes?

A: Having two X chromosomes was not appreciated for many years. It was always thought women simply had a backup; a spare tire. If they lacked a specific gene for color vision on the X chromosome, it was OK because they always had another X chromosome they could draw on.

But its not just that women have this extra X chromosome and its a redundancy they can swap in as they need. Females really are made of two populations of cells. Every organ and every system around the body is predominantly using one X chromosome over the other.

Many of the genes on the X chromosome have to do with making and maintaining the brain and making and maintaining the immune system. So having two populations of cells where one is predominantly using one X chromosome over the other that can interact and cooperate is an immense advantage when youre faced with unforeseen challenges in life, such as famine and pandemics.

And there are other genes on the X chromosome that are also involved in the immune system to allow it to be better at killing viruses. Two populations of cells working together is an immense advantage when I can only marshal up the same identical X chromosome in all of my cells.

Q: What are the implications of womens genetic superiority for the current coronavirus pandemic?

A: A simplified way of thinking about that is this: A specific gene on the X chromosome, TLR-7, is often used to recognize single-stranded RNA viruses like the novel coronavirus. Having two versions gives them an advantage in recognizing the virus.

Additionally, we think that COVID-19 uses its spike protein to enter cells in the body. They do that by unlocking the ACE2 protein on the surface of the cell. And, as it turns out, the ACE2 gene is on the X chromosome. Which means all of mens cells are using that same [version of the] ACE2 gene. So if they unfortunately encounter a strain of COVID-19 that has a spike protein that can perfectly unlock their ACE2 and enter their cells, men are in big trouble quickly.

On the other hand, in females cells, 50 percent are going to be using likely a slightly different version of the ACE2 than other cells. Its much more difficult for a strain of corona to have a spike protein that could equally infect both populations of cells.

Q: Are there any disadvantages to having two X chromosomes?

A: The one cost women need to bear, and it is a serious one, is a much higher risk for autoimmune diseases. For lupus, for example, its seven to nine women for every man that is affected.

Their immune system is so much more aggressive and is made up of two populations of cells, so that predisposes women to have their immune cells turn against the body.

Q: Dont some of the differences in COVID-19 mortality rates for men simply come down to behavior?

A: What I found to be intellectually lazy was a rush to blame the increased male mortality rate on behavior. Of course, proper hand washing has big implications for disease acquisition prevention, but to say thats why more men are ending up in the ICU and dying didnt really cut it for me. But thats the first thing people rushed to for an explanation.

And then we heard about smoking, tobacco use, alcohol and other factors. Which play an immense role in disease outcomes, dont get me wrong. But what Im talking about is so fundamental, starts so early in life and is the same throughout the life course.

Q: Given that women might have an immunological genetic advantage, how should this change the way we fight the coronavirus?

The realization is that we should be taking care of our male elders because theyre so much more fragile. If we were just blaming people for behavior, thats not going to make a big difference when it comes to health outcomes if in fact it just comes down to the fact that males are more fragile. So we really need to be putting efforts into either quarantining them for longer or making sure theyre not with younger family members that might be infecting them.

It would be great for us to tease out the ways in which females have immunological superiority and see can we then apply that and get male immune cells to behave in the same way.

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The Reason More Men Die From COVID-19 May Lie in Their Chromosomes - Discover Magazine

Inheritance of the adrenal-permissive HSD3B1 genotype in men with low-volume metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC) is associated with development of earlier castration-resistant disease and shorter overall survival, according to a new study.

Thegenotype augments extragonadal dihydrotestosterone synthesis, and previousresearch has suggested an association between the adrenal-permissive allele andearly development of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), investigatorsinvolved in the new study noted in a paper published in JAMA Oncology.

Thenew findings may enable clinicians to identify patients more likely to benefitfrom escalated androgen receptor axis inhibition beyond gonadal testosterone suppression,a team led by Nima Sharifi, MD, of Cleveland Clinic, concluded.

DrSharifi and colleagues analyzed the association between HSD3B1 (1245A) allele and early development of CRPC usingprospective data from CHAARTED (E3805 Chemohormonal Therapy vs AndrogenAblation Randomized Trial for Extensive Disease in Prostate Cancer), amulticenter phase 3 trial of androgen deprivation therapy with or withoutdocetaxel therapy in men with newly diagnosed mCSPC. Of 790 men randomized inthe trial, 527 had available DNA samples. Dr Sharifis team retrospectivelydetermined the HSD3B1 germlinegenotype in 475 white men (in whom the frequency of the adrenal-permissiveallele is highest) and analyzed clinical outcomes by genotype.

Ofthe 475 men, 270 (56.8%) inherited the adrenal-permissive genotype allele,whereas 205 had the adrenal-restrictive genotype, which limits extragonadaldihydrotestosterone synthesis. Among men with low-volume disease, theproportion of patients without CRPC at 2 years was significantly smaller amongthose with the adrenal-permissive than adrenal-restrictive genotype (51% vs70.5%), Dr Sharifis team reported. The overall survival rate at 5 years also wassignificantly worse in the group with the adrenal-permissive genotype (57.5% vs70.8%).

Comparedwith the adrenal-restrictive genotype, the adrenal-permissive genotype wassignificantly associated with a nearly 1.9-fold increased risk of CRPC and1.7-fold increased risk of death. The investigators found no associated betweengenotype and outcomes among men with high-volume disease.

Takentogether, our findings suggest that the HSD3B1genotype can be used to risk stratify white men with low-volume metastaticprostate cancer, Dr Sharifis team concluded. Those with the adrenal-permissivegenotype have a worse prognosis inasmuch as they develop CRPC sooner and haveshorter overall survival than men with the adrenal-restrictive genotype. Thisinformation could assist clinicians in counseling patients and guideresearchers in identifying those for whom escalated androgen receptor axisinhibition beyond mere gonadal testosterone suppression is most warranted.

Reference

HearnJWD, Sweeney CJ, Almassi N, et al. HSD3B1genotype and clinical outcomes in metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer.JAMA Oncol. 2020;6(4):e196496.doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2019.6496

Originally posted here:
Risk of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Linked to a Genotype - Renal and Urology News

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