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During the George Floyd protests in New York City, a 20-year-old woman, Dounya Zayer, was left with a concussion after being aggressively pushed to the cement by a male officer, Vincent DAndraia, who was eventually charged with misdemeanor assault, criminal mischief, harassment and menacing.

Are males stronger than females, and if so, should women get treated differently by male law enforcement officers?

You might be surprised, but males are generally stronger than females due to their larger size, says Dr. Carol DeNysschen, a professor and the chair of Buffalo State College Department of Health, Nutrition, and Dietetics.

Pound for pound, there is a very small difference in muscle strength between genders. Males generally have more muscle fibers and a bigger cross sectional muscle mass.

Muscle mass is tied to testosterone levels.

In general, elevated testosterone in males produces increased muscle mass and strength compared to females, says Dr. Randal Snyder, a biology professor at Buffalo State College.

Are police officers trained to treat female and male offenders or suspects differently because of these physiological differences? According to John Reinholz, a current lecturer of criminal justice and sociology at Buffalo State College, this isnt the case.As police officers, we dont think about size or strength. Its not part of the training that we receive when making an arrest, the retired criminal investigator says.

However, there is an exception for pregnant females. Law enforcement would make sure that the person being taken into custody is treated with the utmost care. This wasnt the case in Missouri when a Kansas City police officer was caught kneeling on a pregnant woman.

When a male officer handles a female offender or suspect, and because males are generally stronger than females, what defines excessive force?

Police officers are generally allowed to use whatever force is necessary to make an arrest or defend themselves, according to Nolo.

In most jurisdictions, when a jury must decide if an officer used excessive force, it is the judge who instructs it to consider what a reasonable person with the officers knowledge would have deemed necessary under the circumstances.

The last thing in the world that I would want as a trooper or as a supervisor investigator is for force to be used, Reinholz says. We try to treat everybody with dignity and respect. Thats something that were taught from day one.

Is there a link between aggressive behavior and males and if so, is this why male officers are caught using excessive force?

Up front Ill say that there are really no anatomical things that impact aggression differences, says Dr. Dwight Hennessy, a professor and the chair of Buffalo State College Department of Psychology. Much of this is traceable to socialization differences because aggression is evident in both boys and girls early on and begin to diverge as they are socialized differently.

The different types of aggression that are deemed acceptable, according to Hennessy, vary by gender. In children, it is more socially accepted for boys to be more physically aggressive while social and relational aggression is modeled for girls.

A number of differences can account as to why male officers are more likely to be caught using excessive force. One variable could be, according to Reinholz, is that there are far more males than females in law enforcement.

As of 2018, women make up just 12.6 percent of law enforcement in the United States.How does the New York State Police Department ensure that females are treated with dignity and respect upon arrest? The use of body cameras have certainly helped, according to Reinholz, as well as the presence of female officers. However, when he was a trooper, they didnt have body cameras.

When a male trooper is arresting a female offender we will always try to make sure that somebody is with us to observe to make sure that there are no allegations of impropriety later.

In reality, males are generally stronger than females, but the question remains, what force is exactly deemed necessary when male law enforcement officers handle females?

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Should females be treated differently by male law enforcement officers? - The Record

What do prostate cancer and Covid-19 have in common? testosterone. How did the researchers arrive at the hypothesis that antiandrogen-based treatment might be a possible way to prevent covid-19?

Coronavirus Male Fertility

Men with prostate cancer treated with anti-androgens, a hormone therapy that lowers testosterone levels, are less likely to catch the new coronavirus and develop a severe form of the disease, according to a study published in the Annals of Oncology monthly of the European Society of Medical Oncology (ESMO). It is the first to suggest a link between this treatment and Covid-19.

Read Also: COVID-19: A Man Suddenly Loses Hearing in One Ear After Coronavirus Infection

The researchers put forward the hypothesis that anti-androgenic treatments could partially protect prostate cancer patients from the new coronavirus. Cancer patients have an increased risk of becoming infected and developing severe forms of Covid-19, they point out.

Their hypothesis is based on recent research that a protein called TMPRSS2 helps the virus to infect human cells. The levels of this protein are under the control of androgens in the prostate, but also in the lungs.

This could explain why men infected with the new coronavirus develop a more aggressive form of the disease than women, according to Professor Andrea Alimonti of the Universit della Svizzera Italiana (Bellinzona, Switzerland). Of the 4,532 men in the Italian region of Veneto who were infected with the new coronavirus, 9.5% had cancer and 2.6% had prostate cancer.

Read Also: Males Facing Sterilizing Cancer Treatment Can Now Preserve Testicular Tissue

Male cancer patients had 1.8 times higher risk of infection than the general male population and developed a more severe disease. However, of all prostate cancer cases in this particularly affected area, only four of the 5,273 men who received anti-androgen treatment developed an infection and none died.

According to Prof. Alimonti, the risk of developing an infection was four times lower in these patients than in those who did not receive anti-androgen therapy. The risk of developing a serious form of Covid-19 was five times lower in men with prostate cancer taking anti-androgen drugs compared to any other type of cancer.

The researchers, therefore, referred to the possibility of a limited (e.g. one month) use of anti-androgens, the effect of which is reversible, to prevent Covid-19 infection in men.

Read Also: Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Good for the Heart, but What About the Prostate?

One effect of hormone therapy in prostate cancer is impotence, notes Professor Fabrice Andr, Research Director at the Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR, France), who advises against its use before clinical studies confirm its efficacy. According to this oncologist, editor-in-chief of the Oncology Annals, this study provides a reason to evaluate the efficacy of treatment against Covid-19, but does not allow conclusions to be drawn about its role in patients infected with the coronavirus.

Several studies around the world on patients with cancer are ongoing and should soon come up with a conclusion on this hypothesis.

Androgen-deprivation therapies for prostate cancer and risk of infection by SARS-CoV-2: a population-based study (N = 4532)

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Study Shows That Testosterone Lowering Drugs Could Prevent Men From Getting COVID-19 - Gilmore Health News

It used to be so much more uncomplicated. Two men wearing boaters would string a tape across the finish line, the winner surging through in plimsolls, hands in the air.

If it was a dead heat the blazers would puff their pipes in a solemn huddle and the local lad declared the winner. The gentlemen runners would shake hands, agree the best man won and move on to collect their Olympic medals.

Much simpler times and a clarity of rule-making that drew on certainties and paradigms of the day. Its a historical milieu into which the transgender LGBTQ dispute and growing male/female definitions do not comfortably fit.

In those days it was always men steering that ship. Men because people like the modern founder of the Olympic Games, Baron de Coubertin, emerged from the muscular Christian right. His great strength was unwavering certitude on issues such as what defined men and women. Now more hilarious than ever.

But those serious-looking officials in their flat hats and leather shoes, what would they think now as their certainties become so uncertain, as their notions of male and female become a 21st century battleground, as their ideas of gender are no longer dogmatic and the once commonly held belief that sex is binary hotly disputed.

In sport there has always been disagreement, and each generation has had their own way of working it out. Recently World Rugby became the first international sports body to ban trans women from the womens game following an eight-month review.

They ruled that they could no longer play elite womens rugby after the latest science concluded that the risk of significant injury was too great. This week the RFU broke ranks saying further scientific evidence is required.

Fair Play for Women, a campaigning group working to protect the rights of women, were one of the first out of the blocks attacking the RFU.

Everyone knows that in a rough sport like rugby it is dangerous for males to play against females, said the campaigning groups Nicola Williams. And if its not safe, it can never be fair either. The science is clear. Growing up male will give transgender athletes a lifelong edge that simply cannot be fully reversed.

Williams added the category for the female sex was invented so women and girls could be included in sport, and World Rugby has put the safety of its professional female players first. She asked why the RFU doesnt do the same, why women players dont deserve the same protections. Thing is, other people disagree.

Trans athletes are those with a condition called gender dysphoria, which compels individuals of one gender to assume the identity of the opposite sex. That often results in gender reassignment surgery and hormone treatment. An athlete nominally born male may end up playing in a female rugby match.

Since 2004, Olympic rules have permitted trans women to compete in athletics if they are two years removed from gender-reassignment surgery. The decision followed a Dutch study in the European Journal of Endocrinology.

It found that within a year after gender-reassignment surgery, trans women had testosterone and haemoglobin levels no higher than their female-born compatriots important because high testosterone is associated with masculine levels of muscle mass and strength, while high haemoglobin is associated with greater aerobic capacity.

The question is whether their prior lives as a male, their male muscle growth and male muscle memory can be undone, unmemorised after two years, or does the surge of testosterone at puberty give an enduring advantage.

New International Olympic Committee (IOC) guidelines came out in 2016. Female-to-male athletes can now compete without any restrictions. Male-to-female athletes no longer need to have reassignment surgery, but do need to demonstrate lowered testosterone levels of 10 nanomoles per litre (nmol/L), which is around the bottom of the range considered normal for adult males. It is also more than three times higher than the upper limit of the normal range for adult females.

So the IOC, from originally having athletes parade naked in front of female doctors to have their sex assigned, now ask for a hormone readout. They categorise athletes into male and female not on how they were born and not on their chromosomes or how they look internally or externally.

This process segues uneasily towards athletes being told they must take certain drugs in order to compete pretty dire messaging given ongoing doping issues.

But some trans activists, such as the leading Canadian cyclist and academic philosopher Dr Rachel McKinnon, believe the requirement to suppress testosterone with drugs should be scrapped altogether. She argues fairness cannot require the elimination of all significant competitive advantages.

Other groups believe that if a person does not identify with the sex they were assigned at birth they must be able to transition socially and participate in sports consistent with their gender identity.

They argue that divide and conquer gets it all wrong, that excluding trans women hurts all women, that a persons genetic make-up and internal and external reproductive anatomy are not useful indicators of athletic performance.

Rugby, inevitably, has stepped up to face a question where there is currently no clear answer. Geneticists, endocrinologists, ethicists, coaches, campaigners and athletes agree to disagree. The notion of a tape or a whistle as an antiquated metaphor for the certainty and simplicity of another time seems further away than ever.

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Sport still grappling with the question of fair play for trans athletes - The Irish Times

Is Centrapeak the ultimate testosterone booster?

In this review, well see if Centrapeak is better than other testosterone boosters on the market at boosting muscle growth, improving confidence & well being, and enhancing libido among others.

Testosterone is one of the most crucial hormones for both men and women. It is responsible for regulating a number of bodily functions, from hair growth to muscle development.

The issue is, many men today suffer from sub-optimal T levels. Normally, your T levels start going down by about 1% every year after 30. [24] But nutrient-poor diets and constant stress, among others, are contributing to a premature testosterone decline.

Low T means youll have a harder time recovering from training and building muscle. Your body will start to accumulate fat, and hold onto it, more easily. Not to mention poor libido and confidence.

This is where a testosterone booster like Centrapeak comes into play

Centrapeak is often regarded as the next evolution of natural testosterone boosters. It provides some of the cleanest nutrients and ingredients currently available on the market, and promises to improve mood & resistance to stress in addition to stimulating natural T production.

So, how well does Centrapeak work? Whats exactly inside of this supplement? Lets have a look below.

Centrapeak currently sits as the #1 testosterone booster of 2020 for men looking to naturally build more muscle in the gym. Youll find it recommended on leading bodybuilding sites and for good reason.

Not only does Centrapeak have all the right ingredients in clinically researched doses. It combines them with proven brain-enhancing nutrients that lower stress, improve daily mood, and boost mental focus.

The result? A testosterone booster that makes you motivated to get up and chase your goals, while also delivering results in the mirror.

Below, youll see us dissect Centrapeak ingredients. To see how they work and if theyre supported by science.

But first, heres a short summary of what we feel is positive and negative about Centrapeak:

Pros:

Cons:

Shop Centrapeak Here!

So, who exactly is Centrapeak for?

Although its highly rated amongst athletes, the manufacturers position it as a vitality formula, making it an obvious choice for men over 30 whore stressed and want to feel energetic and focused in their daily life.

Its actually a good option for men in their 20s as well, thanks to Centrapeaks support for muscle building and strong potency.

In our experience, Centrapeak is ideal for anyone who wants a performance supplement that isnt limited to just one benefit but offers a complete body and mind support.

Centrapeak has a very well-designed formula. Its ingredients come in potent and optimum doses. And every ingredient is backed by strong research to show its effectiveness in improving testosterone or optimizing brain function.

Centrapeak works in a few different ways:

Centrapeak has ingredients such as BioPerine to help your body utilize other ingredients in the formula more efficiently.

Obviously, Centrapeaks formula was designed from several angles, which is a rarity in the testosterone booster market. The manufacturers of this supplement have not only considered the boost in testosterone, but also mental health.

Lets explain why this matters.

Since lower test levels are attributed to poor mental health and prolonged stress, the first step towards building your physique is to support your mental performance.

Think about it every choice we make regarding diet, training, and lifestyle is influenced by our mood. Even the most potent of supplements cant help if your mood will lead you to make choices that will sabotage your progress.

This is one of the reasons why Centrapeak stood out to us. The fact that it addresses the mental aspect of bodybuilding, unlike most test boosters, makes it very different from whats currently available out there.

Things have been looking good for Centrapeak up to this point. But as always, marketing hype is one thing, the ingredients and science behind them are another.

So, what does research have to say about the ingredients in Centrapeak?

First, lets have a look at whats inside. Each serving (3 capsules) of Centrapeak contains these ingredients:

As youll notice, Centrapeak has a clear nutrient profile. Nothing is hidden from the list of ingredients. There are no proprietary blends which would mask the doses of ingredients. Good!

So, how do these ingredients actually work? See for yourself.

Appropriately dubbed the sunshine vitamin, vitamin D is actually a secosteroid hormone and a precursor to testosterone.

Ideally youd get all of your vitamin D from the UV rays of the sun. With the help of cholesterol, your body converts the sunlight into the active form of vitamin D.

Various studies have found a strong link between testosterone and vitamin D. One German trial found that when 54 overweight males were given 3,332IU of vitamin D daily for one year, their total T levels increased from 10.7-13.4 nmol/L and free T levels from 0.22-0.27 nmol/L. [1]

Unless youre living in a climate where theres lots of sun all year-round, you probably arent getting optimal levels of vitamin D for conversion. Even foods that contain vitamin D eggs, oily fish, fortified cereals rarely provide enough to have an effect on hormones.

To highlight this point, one study found that as many as 42% of Americans are deficient in vitamin D. The further from the equator your live, or the darker your skin tone, the less likely youll get what you need from the sun. [2]

Current evidence suggests higher doses of vitamin D3 work best for health and performance. Specifically, its reported that we need 3,000-5,000IU of vitamin D per day to meet the needs of every cell in our body. [3]

Centrapeak contains 3,300IU per serving which is a highly effective dose thats been safely used in long-term clinical studies.

Also called pyridoxine, vitamin B6 is crucial in promoting overall well-being. It supports the function of your liver, it protects your vision, and influences the health of your skin and hair.

B6 also regulates haemoglobin a molecule that enables your blood to carry oxygen to tissues throughout your body.

Vitamin B6 is a great all-rounder you cant go wrong with. In terms of testosterone, research has found it to boost the levels of the male hormone directly by stimulating other anabolic hormones, while also reducing the build up of the female hormone oestrogen testosterones arch-nemesis.

By contrast, not getting enough vitamin B6 could put you at risk of low testosterone. [4]

Other studies have found that a high intake of B6 can lower estrogen levels by up to 30%, giving your testosterone more room to breathe. [5]

Magnesium is an essential co-factor in your body. Meaning, it regulates countless enzymatic reactions including those that influence brain function, bone strength, and heart health.

The mineral supports metabolism and athletic endurance as well as helps regulate the level of strength your muscles can generate. Magnesium is often used by athletes due to its ability to boost recovery, improve sleep quality and increase lean mass.

Centrapeak has used it not only because it does all of the above; its been found to significantly raise testosterone levels too, including the free and total T. Magnesium also calms the nerves, making you feel better mentally. [6]

If youre training on a regular basis, chances are you arent getting enough magnesium. Current evidence shows that many athletes only meet around 60-70% of their daily need for this mineral. The more you sweat, the higher your intake should be. [7]

Zinc is another key mineral when it comes to testosterone. Naturally found in foods such as oysters, shellfish, and beef, your body cant make zinc on its own.

The issue is, approximately 2 billion people are zinc deficient. So theres a good chance you could benefit from zinc supplementation.

Zinc boosts health by regulating metabolism, controlling cell growth, protecting prostate function, and maintaining brain performance.

In terms of testosterone, zinc can help prevent dips in the male hormone. This was shown in a study where elite male athletes experienced a reduction in their testosterone levels after hard training. But when they were given 3mg per kg of body weight daily for 4 weeks, their testosterone levels remained high. [8]

Zinc is also very good for fertility. In a study with 40 men, its been shown to help increase both T and DHT (a type of anabolic hormone that is 4 times as strong as testosterone). 9 of those men were able to get their partners pregnant. [9]

Not all heroes wear capes, and the same goes for vitamin K2 and testosterone boosting.

Although its an uncommon ingredient in test boosters, its actually been shown to have a profound effect on the male hormone.

Studies show it works together with vitamin D3 to boost anabolic hormone production. [10] Not only does vitamin K2 offer a supportive role in testosterone boosting, it does it directly too.

In one study, supplementation of K2 for just 5 weeks led to a whopping 70% increase in circulating levels of the hormone. [11]

Youll find it in egg yolks and red meat, however, both of these foods are high in saturated fat which may not be in line with your diet goals. Supplementation is one easy way around this problem.

Your body gets Indole-3-Carbinol (I3C) from a compound called glucobrassicin. Glucobrasicin is found in high amounts in broccoli, kale and other cruciferous vegetables.

I3C has been shown to help fight some types of cancer, along with protecting from respiratory issues and increasing energy levels.

This natural compound elevates testosterone in a different way to other nutrients weve analyzed so far.

You see, I3C essentially blocks aromatase, an enzyme responsible for turning your testosterone into the female sex hormone oestrogen.

By slowing down the conversion of T to estrogen, I3C allows for more bioavailable test to be taken up by your tissues. [12]

In plain English? Youll feel more energy, be stronger, have less body fat, and gain muscle faster.

I3Cs benefits dont stop there, though. Upon ingestion, it breaks down into other chemicals in your body. One of them is DIM (diindolylmethane), another compound commonly used in testosterone boosters for its ability to optimize hormone levels.

Asian Ginseng has been shown to improve cognition and mood and keeps your immune system strong too.

Originally used as aprhodisiac and libido booster, Ginseng has recently been found to directly raise testosterone levels as well.

In one study, short-term use of the herb increased both testosterone and DHT, which, as weve seen, is another potent androgen hormone. [13]

Not only that, Ginseng increases the production of luteinizing hormone (LH) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), which are essentially pre-cursors to testosterone.

Ginsengs list of benefits is long. It also has the ability to boost nitric oxide levels in your blood, which leads to fuller muscle pumps. To top that off, Ginseng is known for increasing insulin sensitivity, helping you to stay lean and shred weight. [14]

Luteolin is a herbal antioxidant that supports ideal testosterone levels by inhibiting aromatase, an enzyme that turns T into female hormones. [15]

This effect is especially beneficial for men over 30. As your body gets older, its estrogen-to-testosterone ratio increases and is associated with problems such as:

Luteolin helps to keep your testosterone-to-estrogen ratio in a more youthful range, and as a result, makes for a great male virility and vitality ingredient.

Found in a 250mg dosage in Centrapeak,Phosphatidylserine (PS) is a highly effective phospholipid found in your brain cell membranes.

Being the only nootropic with an FDA-approved health claim, PS is best known for reducing cortisol levels (and by extension stress levels), which allows testosterone to flourish.

PS also improves the uptake of glucose in your brain, and protects healthy neurons from the damaging effects of dying neurons. This results in clearer, sharper thinking and reduced levels of inflammation. [16]

Bioperine is a patented black pepper extract standardized to have a minimum of 95% piperine, its main active compound.

Piperine is linked to a variety of health benefits, but its main purpose in Centrapeak is to boost the bioavailability and utilization of the other ingredients. [18]

The inclusion of BioPerine, which is superior to generic piperine sources, is another sign of the effort and investment Centrapeaks producers have put into their flagship testosterone booster.

Boron is another dietary mineral in Centrapeak. Its found in foods such as apriconts, prunes, raisins and brazil nuts.

Boron helps shuttle other minerals such as calcium to where theyre needed in your body. As a result, boron has been heavily linked to improved bone strength in athletes.

In terms of its anabolic properties, boron has been shown to increase free T levels by 14.7% and DHT by 10%, all while reducing testosterones killer SHBG by 9%. [17]

Another study reported an 11.4% increase in testosterone levels after 10mg of boron taken daily for 4 weeks. Needless to say, an impressive result for such a short space of time! [19]

But the most impressive evidence came from another study, which reported a 62% increase in androgen levels in elite athletes. Whats more, they achieved this result by taking only 2.5mg of boron daily for 9 weeks. [20]

Ashwagandha may be a difficult name to pronounce, but it should be your top pick if your goal is hormone optimization.

An adaptogenic herb, Ashwagandha contains several bioactive compounds such as withanolides, steroidal lactones, and fatty acids that are researched for their powerful effects on muscle growth, mood and vitality.

Appropriately, the word Ashwagandha means smell of the horse, which, beyond the smell itself, indicates its unique ability to give you the strength and virility of the animal.

In one study, just 8 weeks of Ashwagandha supplementation led to 15% increases in androgen hormones in weightlifters. They also saw a reduction in muscle damage, which meant faster recovery from tough workouts. [21]

Rhodiola Rosea might just be the best-reviewed supplement in existence.

The herb was used by Vikings to boost endurance and strength. Legendary Himalayan Sherpa used Rhodiola to help them cope with the harsh conditions of Mount Everest. And in far-flung Mongolia, it was traditionally used as an aphrodisiac on a couples wedding night.

Okay The tales are impressive, but what does the science say?

According to research, Rhodiola works to block the effects of stress on the body, primarily by reducing cortisol. As weve seen, cortisol can block your natural testosterone production when chronically elevated. [22]

Theres also evidence that Rhodiola Rosea extract stimulates a glycoprotein that increases blood cell count. This, along with its ability to increase ATP levels (the energy currency of the body), is thought to be behind Rhodiolas anti-fatigue effects. [23]

Mucuna Pruriens (or Velvete Bean) is a male tonic plant high in levodopa (L-DOPA), an effective compound for masculine health and testosterone.

L-DOPA stimulates your brain to spur gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). GnRH then tells your pituitary gland to make more luteinizing hormone (LH), which ultimately results in increased testosterone synthesis in the testes.

Not only that, Mucuna acts as a growth hormone optimizator and mild inhibitor of prolactin, a hormone that diminishes T levels.

To top it off, Mucuna increases your catecholamine brain chemicals. Including the motivation molecule dopamine.

Here are a few things about Centrapeak that we havent seen with many other T boosters.

The recommended dosage for Centrapeak is one capsule, 3 times daily with food.

Read the rest here:
Centrapeak Testosterone Booster Review: Is it Better than Others on the Market? - generationiron.com

Old news, truthfully retold. This week we look into reports that claimed the pitch of a voice can give a telltale hint towards future infidelity

Every week the Big Issue looks at tall tales or spurious stories to give you the facts.

This week: Are men with deep voices really more likely to cheat?

Tall, dark and handsome might be the traits that make you swipe right on Tinder. But red-blooded blokes with deep voices can also set pulses racing. The legions of admirers for actor Idris Elba, Vin Diesel and Barry White will attest to that.

However, reports last week suggested that this could be a double-edged sword.

Their voice can make them popular partners perhaps too popular with news stories last week suggesting that men with deep voices are more likely to be unfaithful.

A study carried out by researchers at Southwest University in Chongqing, China, published in thePersonality and Individual Differences journal, attracted plenty of admirers with widespread coverage.

Sky News reported the story under the headline: Men with deep voices more likely to cheat, new research shows and very much set the tone for other media outlets.

Metro, at least, mixed things up a little bit with their effort: Men with deep voices more likely to be unfaithful, research claims.

TheMail Onlinebrought in a new aspect: testosterone. Their headline read: Thats low! Men with deep voices are more likely to cheat on their partners due to higher levels of testosterone, study claims

AndThe Guardiantook a humorous look at the research in their relationships section. They opted for: Sexy but unreliable: why women should beware men with deep voices.

But youd be hard-pressed to find much variation elsewhere in theEvening Standard,The Mirroror AOLs versions of the tale.

But are they accurate?

There is a lot of merit to this study and it does add weight to a long-held theory. But the problem for UK audiences is clear the research only really applies to Chinese university students.

The researchers from Chinas Southwest University found men with deeper voices were less committed to their romantic relationships and more likely to be unfaithful.

In total, 116 male students and 145 female students in relatively short relationships were quizzed. All participants were non-smokers, spoke Mandarin, reported not having a cold and had an average age of 20.

From there, they were all recorded saying the same phrases to determine the pitch of their voice and asked how likely they were to cheat in a relationship.

Researchers concluded that masculine men, as determined by the recordings, are more likely to engage in infidelity and commit less to their romantic relationships compared with feminine men. However, this effect did not exist in women.

That was reported by all of the news outlets whereas the limitations of the study and there are plenty of major ones were less prominently reported or missed out.

Most obviously, the narrow age range and diversity of participants means that the study doesnt mean much to anyone else as researchers acknowledge: their mating dynamics and concept of marriage vary considerably from later adulthood.

Another problem arose in that the study proposed that hormone levels act as a link, inferring that the deep voices suggest high testosterone that factors into attraction levels.

As reported in various stories, researchers concluded: Testosterone and the characteristics dependent on testosterone can be reliable indicators of quality-dependent conditions or behaviourstherefore, men with higher testosterone levels, and hence lower voices, may have more infidelity behaviours or less commitment to their romantic relationship.

This is problematic because researchers did not measure testosterone levels in the study. Nor did they measure actual infidelity taking place, just the intention.

To be fair to the scientists who carried out the work, they are forthcoming that more study is required, including measuring testosterone and widening out participants to reflect different cultures, ages and relationship types and durations. This is even reported in some stories.

But the fact remains that there is nothing in the study to justify the headlines relating to a UK audience, or a global audience for online, when it is primarily about China. While theoretically the findings carry weight, to apply them to UK men is a bit of a cheat.

Illustration: Miles Cole

Read more here:
Fact/Fiction: Are men with deep voices more likely to cheat? - Big Issue

Men with deep voices are more likely to cheat on their partners and less likely to remain committed in relationships, according to new research.

The study, conducted by Southwest University in China, asked 116 men and 145 women questions about their attitudes towards monogamy and commitment, taking note of the pitch in their voice in their responses.

Researchers found men with deeper voices were more likely to provide answers that suggested they would engage in infidelity and not commit to romantic relationships.

However, the same doesnt apply for the fairer sex.

The results, published in the Personality and Individual Differences journal, show no link existing in the women who participated and researchers think this might be due to testosterone.

Generally speaking, men with lower voices have higher levels of testosterone than their squeakier voiced counterparts, and are found to be more attractive and research seems to suggest they take full advantage of this!

Testosterone and the characteristics dependent on testosterone can be reliable indicators of quality-dependent conditions or behaviours, the researchers said.

So, does this mean all deep voiced men are scoundrels?

Not necessarily. But if your new squeeze sounds like Barry White, it might be worth waiting a few more dates before introducing them to your parents.

Related

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Can't get enough of your love? Why women should be wary of men with deep voices - The Donaldson Sisters - The Donaldson Sisters

For many folks, sexual satisfaction is all about the feels, so if you or your penis-having partner are experiencing decreased sensitivity down there, it could really mess with your ability to get off.

There are a few things that can cause a decrease in penile sensation, from the way a person masturbates to lifestyle habits and hormone imbalances. The good news: There are ways to get back that lovin feeling.

To be clear, theres a big difference between less sensation and numbness.

Having less sensation which is what were focusing on in this article means you dont feel as much sensation in your peen as you did before.

A numb penis is a whole other ball of wax and refers to not being able to feel any normal sensation when your penis is touched.

Yep, how you pleasure yourself might be affecting your penile sensation.

The way you masturbate can lead to decreased sensitivity. Some people call this death grip syndrome.

The gist is that people who masturbate using a very specific technique or tight grip can become desensitized to other types of pleasure over time.

When this happens, coming or even getting any pleasure without the exact move or pressure becomes difficult.

If youre feeling all the feels just fine when you masturbate but find that partner sex is where the sensation is lacking, there are a couple potential reasons.

A thinner or smaller-than-average penis, or even too much lube (natural wetness or synthetic), can mean less friction and ultimately sensation during intercourse.

Just switching up your technique should do the trick and help you recondition your sensitivity.

If death grip is the issue, depending on how youre used to masturbating, this might mean loosening your grip, stroking at a slower pace, or both.

You could also mix things up with a sex toy made for penis play, like the Super Sucker UR3 Masturbator, which you can buy online, or TENGA Zero Flip Hole Masturbator, which is also available online. And dont forget the lube!

If intercourse is the issue, some positions make for a tighter fit and therefore more friction.

Heres a little secret: Tweaking any position so your partner can keep their legs tight together during sex should work.

Plus, if anal sex is what youre both into, the anus is by nature a tighter squeeze. Just be sure to use a lot of lube if you take it to the backside.

And speaking of a lot of lube: If an abundance of wetness is making sex feel a bit like a Slip N Slide, a quick wipe with some tissue should fix it.

Certain lifestyle habits can be to blame for your peens lessened sensitivity.

Do you bicycle a lot? Do you masturbate frequently? These things can cause the sensitivity in your peen to tank if you do them often.

When it comes to masturbation, how often you do it matters if youre doing it a lot, according to research that has linked hyperstimulation to decreased penile sensitivity.

As for bicycling, bicycle seats put pressure on the perineum the space between your balls and anus. It presses on blood vessels and nerves that provide feeling to the penis.

Sitting in a hard or uncomfortable chair for long periods can do the same.

Masturbation is healthy, but if the frequency of your handy treats is causing a problem, taking a break for a week or two can help get your penis feeling back to itself.

If you sit or bicycle for long periods, take regular breaks. Consider swapping out your bike seat or usual chair for something more comfortable.

Testosterone is the male sex hormone responsible for libido, not to mention a bunch of other functions.

If your testosterone (T) level drops, you might feel less responsive to sexual stimulation and have trouble getting aroused.

T levels decrease as you age. Damage to your danglers aka testicles can also affect T, as well as certain conditions, substances, and cancer treatment.

Your doctor can diagnose low T with a simple blood test and treat it using testosterone replacement therapy (TRT). Lifestyle changes, like regular exercise, maintaining a moderate weight, and getting more sleep can also help.

Certain medical conditions and medications can affect sensation in the penis.

Diabetes and multiple sclerosis (MS) are just a couple conditions that can damage nerves and affect sensation in different body parts, including the penis.

Medications used to treat Parkinsons disease can also reduce penile sensation as a side effect.

Ensuring that any underlying condition is well managed might help bring the feels back.

If medications the culprit, your doctor may be able to adjust your dose or change your medication.

Sexual pleasure isnt just about your D. Your brain plays a big role, too.

If youre dealing with anxiety, stress, depression, or any other mental health issue, getting in the mood can be near impossible. And even if you really want to get down to business, your penis may not be as receptive.

It really depends on whats going on mentally.

Taking some time to unwind before sexy time can help if youre feeling stressed or anxious.

A hot bath or shower can help your mind and muscles relax. The warm water also increases circulation, which can help increase sensitivity and make your skin more responsive to touch.

If youre regularly struggling with feelings of anxiety or depression, or having trouble coping with stress, reach out for help.

Talk to a friend or loved one, see a healthcare provider, or find a local mental health provider through the Anxiety and Depression Association of America (ADAA).

Not to be punny, but try to not beat yourself silly over this.

We get how frustrating it must be to not be able to enjoy the sensation you want or expect during sexual activity.

Here are some things to keep in mind if youre struggling.

Chances are your lessened penile sensation can be improved.

As weve already covered, changes in technique, getting in the right frame of mind, or some lifestyle tweaks may be all thats needed to get your penis feeling right again.

A healthcare provider can help with any underlying medical or mental health issues and recommend the right treatments.

Were not just talking about choking your chicken either! Stressing about this and putting pressure on yourself will only make things worse in the pleasure department.

Give yourself time to relax and get in the mood before play, and permission to stop and try another time if youre not feeling it.

Penis health and sexual health are just as important as other aspects of your health.

If theres something going on with your penis or your ability to enjoy sexual activity, a professional can help.

You cant control everything, but there are things you can do to help keep your penis healthy:

If its your partner whos struggling with lessened sensitivity down there, dont worry. Chances are theres a good reason for it, and its probably not what you think.

Here are some things to keep in mind if its getting to you.

Your first instinct may be to blame yourself if your partner isnt enjoying sex. Try to not do this.

Sounds harsh, but: Not your penis, not your problem.

As a loving partner, of course you want them to feel good. But unless youve damaged their penis by taking a hammer to it, their lessened penile sensitivity isnt your fault, so dont make it about you.

Seriously, its not your penis!

Not trying to dismiss your feelings or anything, but as frustrated as you may be that your partner isnt feeling it even when you pull out your best moves, its probably a lot more frustrating for them.

That said, if your partners lack of sensation results in a marathon shag sesh that causes chafing to your nether regions, of course you have the right to take a break or stop. Its your body, after all. Just be mindful of how you say it.

EVERYONE should be asking what their partner needs when it comes to sex and relationships. Its the key to making both great.

Do they need a little time to relax before action moves to the peen? Do they need more foreplay that focuses on other pleasure spots to help them get in the mood? Do they want to just stop altogether? Dont be afraid to ask.

If youve lost some of that lovin feeling down below, your lifestyle and pleasure routine solo or partnered may provide some clues. If not, your doctor or other healthcare provider can help.

In the meantime, be patient and kind with yourself, and consider some of your other pleasure zones for satisfaction.

Adrienne Santos-Longhurst is a Canada-based freelance writer and author who has written extensively on all things health and lifestyle for more than a decade. When shes not holed up in her writing shed researching an article or off interviewing health professionals, she can be found frolicking around her beach town with husband and dogs in tow or splashing about the lake trying to master the stand-up paddle board.

Read this article:
24 Ways to Increase Penis Sensitivity: Tips, Techniques, and More - Healthline

Trans women will not be permitted to play elite womens rugby for the foreseeable future because of significant safety concerns, World Rugby has stated after releasing new guidelines for transgender players.

In a statement explaining its decision, World Rugby said that after months of research and examining the latest scientific research it had concluded that safety and fairness cannot presently be assured for women competing against trans women in contact rugby.

The Guardian first revealed in July that World Rugby was considering becoming the first international sports federation to adopt such a policy after finding at least a 20-30% greater risk of injury risk factors when a female player is tackled by someone who has gone through male puberty.

In a document explaining its decision published on Friday, World Rugby said that It is known that biological males (whose puberty and development is influenced by androgens/testosterone) are stronger by 25% to 50%, are 30% more powerful, 40% heavier, and about 15% faster than biological females.

That combination of mass, strength, power and speed means that in a direct physical contest, ciswomen in all these domains will be at significant risk of injury.

It added: Studies suggest that the compounded or cumulative effect of these attributes may be even greater, with one study showing that punching power - a composite of mass, force/strength, and power is 160% higher in biological males than in biological females.

Previously it was thought that such advantages were negated when trans women lowered their testosterone levels to 5 n/mol for at least 12 months - which is the current International Olympic Committee policy applied across almost every sport. However World Rugby said that new research showed that they retain significant physical advantages over biological women even after they take medication to lower their testosterone.

All trans women will still be able to play non-contact rugby against women, however. The guidelines also do not apply to trans women who have not undergone male puberty as they will not have the gained the advantages of extra testosterone and androgens.

It will also be up to each individual federation to decide whether to enforce the policy for the grassroots game. However in a statement explaining its decision, World Rugby made clear the potential added risk to player safety if countries went against its guidelines.

Given the best available evidence for the effects of testosterone reduction on these physical attributes for transgender women, it was concluded that safety and fairness cannot presently be assured for women competing against trans women in contact rugby, it said.

As a result, the new guidelines do not recommend that trans women play womens contact rugby on safety grounds at the elite and international level of the game where size, strength, power and speed are crucial for both risk and performance, but do not preclude national unions from flexibility in their application of the guidelines at the community level of the game.

Trans men are permitted to participate in mens contact rugby.

Reacting to the announcement, Nancy Kelley - chief executive of LGBT rights charity Stonewall - said she was deeply disappointed with the news.

There is still a lot to learn about the impact of transition on athletic ability, but this does not mean that trans people are not already playing rugby or any other sport safely and fairly, she said. As the world continues to evolve, it is vital that policies expand rather than restrict any sports potential to grow and benefit all our communities.

We stand in solidarity with trans people across the world wholl be disappointed by this news. We will do everything we can to make sport everyones game.

Read more:
World Rugby bans trans women from elite womens game due to injury risks - The Guardian

LONDON (THOMSON REUTERS FOUNDATION) - A ban on transgender women competing in international rugby matches will not stop them playing the women's game in England, the sport's governing body said on Wednesday (Oct 14) in the latest split over trans competitors in sport.

World Rugby, which controls international matches, banned trans women from international female games last week, saying they were a risk to fellow players.

But trans women will still compete in English women's matches if they maintain testosterone levels below a certain level for a year, the Rugby Football Union (RFU) said.

More evidence, it said, was needed to justify a full ban.

The issue of trans competitors in women's sport is hotly debated, with opponents saying it is impossible to keep competition safe and fair.

Supporters say the evidence does not support a ban.

"The RFU does not currently plan to adopt World Rugby transgender guidelines as it believes further scientific evidence is required," a spokesman for the RFU, which has about 37,000 registered female players, said via email.

"The RFU is committed to LGBTQ+ inclusion as well as safety and fairness across all levels of the game," she added.

World Rugby justified its ban by saying the hormones that trans women take to lower their testosterone do not override the physical benefits already accrued in male puberty.

Eight Australian federations, including those for tennis and Australian Rules football, issued guidelines to encourage the participation of trans athletes earlier this month.

Rugby Australia now requires trans athletes get a medical specialist to complete a consent form that specifies their "physical development, skill level and experience are appropriate" for full-contact sport.

Last month, Rugby Canada said that trans athletes would continue to compete freely, with no requirement for them to take hormones or disclose their transgender status.

Olympic guidelines in place since 2015 say trans women can compete in women's sport if they keep their testosterone levels below 10 nanomoles per litre. Many sports bodies, including the RFU, now use a level of 5 nanomoles.

Verity Smith, a transgender man who plays wheelchair rugby league, having previously played women's rugby, called England's stance "a massive step forward for inclusion within the game".

Smith said a tackle by a 1.52m-tall player born female had caused the injury that put him in a wheelchair and there were no reports of injury caused by trans women in the women's game.

But Fair Play For Women, which campaigns against having transgender women in women's sport, said the international ban put safety top of its agenda in a sport that carries a heavy injury toll.

"World Rugby has put the safety of its professional female players first," the group tweeted. "If the RFU don't do the same, then thousands of amateur players will be left asking why they don't deserve the same protections."

Excerpt from:
Rugby the latest battleground for transgender women as England breaks ranks - The Straits Times

There a plenty of red flags that someone is cheating on youthey're secretive with their phone, they've changed their appearance, or they're picking fights with you, to name a few. But there's another factor that's right in front of your faceor earsthat can tell you if a man will cheat before the affair even begins. A new study published in the journal Personality and Individual Differences in September was the first to examine the association between male vocal characteristics and their fidelity. What the researchers found is that men with deeper voices are more likely to cheat on their partners. Read on to find out more, and to see what age is ripe for infidelity, check out This Is the Age When Married Men Are Most Likely to Cheat.

To make their discovery, the researchers recorded the voices of 116 men and 145 women to gauge their pitch. Then they administered a self-reported questionnaire that asked how likely they were to remain faithful to their partners on a scale from one to seven. There was no strong correlation between female vocal pitches and infidelity. However, the findings showed a strong correlation between deep male voices and the likelihood of cheating.

Researchers hypothesize two reasons for men with deeper voices' proclivity towards cheating. "This result might suggest that masculine voices and infidelity development in men have the same biological basis, that is, they are influenced by testosterone levels," the study authors note.

A 2006 study published by the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology found that men with more testosterone were more inclined to cheat, which corroborates this theory.

Another probable reason, according to the study, is due to increased access to mates. "Masculine voices among males are significantly associated with long-term health and social dominance and are more likely to be perceived as attaining higher social positions, all of which were valuable for women during evolutionary history," the authors add. "Given that, the relationship between men's vocal characteristics and infidelity intentions is more likely to be mediated by increased access to women."

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Whether the correlation is due to too much testosterone or too many partners to choose from, you may want to think twice before getting involved with a guy who sounds like Barry White. And for more potential causes for splits, know that Half of Men Say They Would Break Up With a Woman Who Does This.

Read more:
You Can Tell If a Man Will Cheat by the Sound of His Voice, Study Says - Yahoo Lifestyle

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