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FA=high-fat, ab libitum (eat-at-will) diet, FT=high-fat, time-restricted diet, NA=normal ab libitum (eat-at-will)diet, NT=normal diet, time-restricted

Diets tell youwhat you eat, but a new study suggestswhen you eat matters too. Of two groups of mice who were fed the same high-fat diet, themice who could eat around the clock were much heavierthan those who had food restricted to eight hours per day, in a new study published inCell Metabolism.

Researchers in the study gave the mice a special high-fat chow, 61% of whose calories come from fat (compared to just 13% in normal feed). The mice who chowed down all day and night became, unsurprisingly, obese, but the ones who ate the same amount of hi-fat foodin only eight hours per day did not. Their body weight was comparable to mice fed an equivalent amount of calories on normal feed.

This being a study inCell Metabolism, the researchers didnt stop with just weighing the mice; they did a lot of molecular experiments to work out the link between timing and weight gain. Mice on high-fat, eat-whenever diets had the insulin problems associated with obesity-induced diabetes and lower expression of genes linked to breaking down fats in the liver, leading to fat accumulating in the liver. The high-fat, time-restricted diets did not have those problems.

This might make sense in light of ourcircadian rhythms, which are the approximately 24-hour cycles that govern sleep as well as metabolic functions such when the liver secretes bile and the pancreas insulin.Previous researchhas found that sleep-deprivedand jetlagged people, whose circadian rhythms are out of whack, are at risk for weight gain. The current study adds to the link between circadian rhythms and weight, suggesting that eating fat at odd hours disrupts daily metabolic cycles.

Image courtesy of M. Hatori et al / Cell Metabolism

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No More Midnight Snacks? Mice That Eat at Odd Hours Get Fat | 80beats

CASES of stroke have become increasingly common. Stressful lifestyles, lack of exercise and diets have been blamed. Is this justified?

Last year, a journal reported that among the 192 World Health Organisation member countries, deaths from stroke exceeded those attributed to heart disease in 74 of them.

Disability arising from stroke also exceeded heart disease fatalities in 62 countries accounting for 32 per cent of member nations. It was, however, reported that stroke was higher in Asia, Africa and South America, whereas heart disease was higher in the Middle East, North America, Australia and much of Europe.

Malaysia is among countries in Asia which have been reporting a rising incidence of stroke cases. The situation has reached worrying levels. The cost to the country is enormous. Can neuroscience help? But what is neuroscience?

Neuroscience refers to the science involving the central and peripheral nervous system. This mainly concerns the brain and spinal cord plus the outlying nerves of the body. If in the past neuroscience was just an offshoot of the medical discipline, nowadays this is no longer true.

As technology improves over the last 20 years, the subject has evolved into a transdisciplinary sciences from its classical multidisciplinary roots.

Neuroscience now incorporates elements of computer science, physics, mathematics, chemistry and even music and economics.

Recent years have seen rising interest in neuroscience. This is especially so in the more developed nations where many have realised the importance of research in neuroscience as a way to look for answers as to how to prevent, treat or rehabilitate stroke patients.

So much so that, among medical practitioners, neuroscience has been hailed as the fifth revolution in science after astronomy, evolution, psychology and the discovery of the DNA.

The unprecedented scientific advances over the last decade have led to the widespread view that the world is on the verge of a neuroscience revolution. And this will dominate scientific endeavours in the next two centuries.

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Neuroscience's key role in stroke care

EDMONDS, WA--(Marketwire -05/16/12)- People who need to lose weight should forgo fad diets and instead should focus on sensible eating and exercise, says Dr. Gregory Jantz, a nationally certified psychologist, author of many books on eating disorders, nutrition and diet and founder CaringOnline.com, an Internet resource for eating disorder information and recommendations for eating disorder treatment.

"Losing weight can be hard because it requires destroying old, unhealthy habits and replacing them with new ones," says Dr. Jantz, "but trying to follow a complicated fad diet only makes weight reduction even harder. These diets seldom produce any result except frustration for the dieter."

Despite the promises they make and the celebrity endorsements they often garner, fad diets can lead to poor nutrition and even disordered eating, says Dr. Jantz. He points out that research consistently shows that weight loss is best achieved by eating balanced meals with appropriate portion sizes and exercising regularly.

Jantz cites a study published April 10 in the online edition of the American Journal of Preventative Medicine. Researchers who studied some 4,000 obese people found that those who lost 5 percent or more of their body weight over a year reported eating fewer fatty foods and exercising more. Following fad diets did not correlate with weight loss.

Some fad diets are worse than others in terms of the healthy foods they eliminate and the poor eating habits they encourage. A survey conducted by the Dietitians Association of Australia rated these popular diets as the three unhealthiest ones to avoid in 2012:

Dr. Jantz also founded and operates The Center for Counseling and Health Resources in Edmonds, WA, a residential treatment facility for those struggling with eating disorders and other major life challenges.

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Fad Diets Don't Work, Can Compromise Health, Says Dr. Gregory Jantz of CaringOnline.com

Now that we're halfway through May, it just occurred to us it might be time to drop a pound or two if we're going to squeeze back into our Speedo this summer (the looks we get at work are just priceless).

But we've tried every diet we can find our favorite, although somewhat ineffective, was the eat all the pizza and donuts and drink all the beer you want diet so we're running out of ideas.

Or, we were, until we stumbled upon these (since we haven't seen our feet since October of '99, we stumble a lot). "The Drinking Man's Diet": It emphasizes carbohydrate control (big whoop), but recommends drinking gin and vodka.

The Great Masticator: San Francisco art dealer Horace Fletcher's weight loss technique allows you to chew your food 32 times, but not swallow it, using the theory that you can get all the nutrients you need just from chewing. You couldn't get all the fiber you need, though, and would-be followers were not moved.

The tapeworm diet: Swallow a tapeworm and let it eat, uh, we can't continue. This is just too, too revolting (sorry, Liz!), although you can still find the worms online.

The, if we say cabbage, nobody will try it diet: Call it the "Sacred Heart Diet" or the "TJ Miracle Soup Diet" or the "Russian Peasant Diet," it's all the same. The plus: You can eat all the cabbage you want for seven days. The minus: You really need to ask?

Beyonce's diet: Drink six to 12 glasses of lemonade laced with (not what you're hoping) cayenne pepper and maple syrup. Beyonce used it to drop 18 pounds in 10 days, weight she put back on almost immediately.

And our favorite:

The beer and ice cream diet: Built around thermogenesis, a regular topic of conversation at Edge HQ (although the conversation goes like this: Person A: What's thermogenesis Person B: How the heck should I know? Was Phil Collins in it?).

The idea was that you could lose weight by consuming cold foods because your body had to burn calories to warm up the meal before you could digest it. Does it work? We think we read the answer somewhere, but we also think we'll conveniently forget it for now.

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Wednesday's Edge: Diets that are worth the weight

Its been said, enough times to fill an olympic-size swimming pool with smugness, that the lottery is a tax on stupid people. I cant be sure that a $40 sculpture of Wonder Woman thats a third breasts by weight is a better investment than 40 scratchers, but sure, lets go with that.

Certainly the lottery doesnt deserve to be part of any long-term financial plan any more than, say, counting on your children to support you, but what puzzles me is that people who count themselves as strict rationalists end up getting involved in voodoo as dubious as crystal healing, because certain forms of voodoo have a veneer of mathematical legitimacy.

Lets look at a few lottery tickets for the skeptical set.

Heres the thing about picking stocks: You cant. Hard evidence has demonstrated again and again that the human chances of outperforming the market by picking individual stocks is, if anything, lower than that of a random number generator or a chimpanzee, although conservatives argue that the chimp is merely concerned about the capital gains tax.

People who think theyre stock-picking geniuses are either only remembering their good picks, or theyre just getting lucky. Remember, if 10 million people pick stocks, a bunch of them are randomly going to have a one-in-a-million success.

If you want more and better work from your employees, what do you do? Offer them more money, of course. Everyone knows that the bigger the cash-carrot you dangle, the faster the donkey trots.

Psychological studies, however, have shown again and again that cash only translates into performance under limited circumstances, and that most workers would rather be treated like human beings. And yet, from paying kids for grades to protecting insurance industry profits, entire economic policies revolve around the idea that human beings are just locomotives that run on cash rather than coal.

Its simple, right? Eat fewer calories than you expend and youll lose weight. This is in spite of the fact that dieting has only about a 5 percent long-term success rate, and typically the dieter gains back all the weight and more.

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Alt Text: 4 Scams That Fool the Skeptics

TAMPA, Fla., May 14, 2012 /PRNewswire/ --BalanceDiet Company is pleased to announce that its clients can now take advantage of an exclusive genetic fat test to obtain personalized diet and fitness recommendations as part of their complete lifestyle program. The weight management genetic test was a key component of the services offered by Results Weight Loss, which BalanceDiet recently acquired, and the company has subsequently introduced the genetic fat test at all of its BalanceDiet Centers nationwide as well as through its BalanceDiet At Home program.

Interleukin Genetics developed the genetic test panel used within the BalanceDiet program. Researchers pinpointed certain genes - specifically, several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) - that influence an individual's genetic tendencies related to metabolism, fat absorption and storage, and responsiveness to various exercise intensities(1).

The science behind the genetic fat test is supported by a clinical study conducted by Interleukin Genetics and Stanford University. This study examined weight loss for women who were on a diet that was consistent with their genotype category versus another group who were on diets not suitable for their genetic pattern. The findings revealed that subjects on a genotype-appropriate diet had 2.5 times greater weight loss than the other study subjects - losing an average of 13.2 pounds and 2.6 inches versus an average of only 4.6 pounds and 1.2 inches for those on a genotype-inappropriate diet(2).

"Genetic fat testing is an important addition to BalanceDiet's portfolio of services, and the former Results clients who have joined our family are living proof that genotype-based diet and fitness plans really do work. Our existing BalanceDiet customers have expressed great enthusiasm and interest in the weight management genetic test, and we are excited to implement it as part of our lifestyle program," said Pam Powderly, RD, LD/N, Corporate Dietician for BalanceDiet.

Powderly noted that the results of the test will be used to tailor diet and wellness programs that are designed to maximize clients' weight loss and exercise benefits. "The genetic test determines the client's diet and exercise identity, which shows whether they are a 'carb reducer,' a 'fat trimmer,' or a 'better balancer,'" she explained. "With this information, we can then personalize the client's weight loss and exercise program based on their genetic profile to set them up for the greatest possible success with their unique plan."

For many clients, the genetic fat test has been a critical first step to achieving their transformation goals and a vital part of their weight-loss success stories. Tampa resident Karen M. recently retired from the Air Force and sought to lose the weight that had crept up on her during her time in the service. After following a weight loss plan customized for her genotype, she lost more than 25 pounds in five months. "[The program] provided me with the knowledge, means, and motivation to lose [the weight] and return me to the size 6 I was 20 years ago," she stated. "Becoming healthier literally every day is phenomenal and incredibly motivating."

Existing and new clients may register for the weight management genetic test at any of the BalanceDiet Centers nationwide or via BalanceDiet At Home (1-800-WEIGHT-LOSS). The test costs $179 and consists of a simple, painless cheek swab sample. The price also includes a follow-up consultation with a BalanceDiet lifestyle expert.

View the Bay News 9 BalanceDiet "Fighting Fat" video for more details. Learn about BalanceDiet - including locations, services, products, and BalanceDiet franchise opportunities - at http://www.GoBalanceDiet.com.

About BalanceDiet | elements fitness

BalanceDiet is part of the elements family of healthy lifestyle brands, including award-winning fitness, weight-loss, media, and product companies. Founded by wellness visionary Christopher Palumbo, BalanceDiet holds a unique place in the women's diet and fitness market with exclusive genetic-testing technology, patents on proprietary weight-loss products and supplements, a stylish, upscale wellness experience, and an array of online tools and services. Before launching elements and BalanceDiet, Palumbo earned recognition for his work with World Gym, where he created a concept store that now serves as the model for the company's fitness centers worldwide. Today, BalanceDiet is a popular and fast-growing wellness brand with more than 30 locations throughout the United States in addition to the BalanceDiet At Home service offered direct to consumers. The company is expanding internationally and expects to have 40 ground-based operations by year-end, with additional franchise opportunities available. For more information on BalanceDiet, please visit http://www.GoBalanceDiet.com.

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BalanceDiet™ Company Implements Exclusive Genetic Fat Test to Develop Customized Diet and Exercise Program for Each ...

Getting more fish in your diet could lower your risk of developing colorectal cancer, according to a new review of studies.

Researchers from the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School looked at the research to find that people who ate fish as part of their regular diets have a 12 percent lower chance of developing colorectal cancer, than people who don't eat much fish at all, Reuters reported.

The association was stronger for rectal cancer, but a "modest trend" was still seen for colon cancer, according to the study, published in the American Journal of Medicine.

But "if you eat fish very frequently, it's not clear whether your benefit continues to go up (by eating even more)," study researcher Dr. Michael Gochfeld told Reuters.

Earlier this year, a study in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition showed that eating at least three servings of fish a week can lower women's risk of some kinds of colon polyps -- which can turn into cancer.

Researchers of that study, from Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, said fish may work in this sense because the omega-3 fatty acids in fish can decrease inflammation, thereby lowering risk of colon polyp development.

Colorectal cancer is currently the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the U.S., according to the CDC, but the number of new cases and deaths are both decreasing, due to better treatment and early detection. While more adults are being screened, one in three adults still isn't getting screened for colorectal cancer when they should be.

Want to take action against colorectal cancer? Check out this slideshow of foods and behaviors that are linked with a decreased risk of colorectal cancer, or its risk factors:

Researchers from Britain and the Netherlands found that the more total dietary fiber and cereal fiber people consumed, the lower their colorectal cancer risk. For example, people who consumed an extra 90 grams of whole grains a day also had a 20 percent lower risk of colorectal cancer, according to the British Medical Journal review.

However, that same study didn't show a link between eating fiber from fruits and vegetables and a lowered colorectal cancer risk, meaning there may be something else in whole grains at work, too.

Researchers from the Leiden University Medical Center in the Netherlands found that people who take aspirin once a day have a 30 percent decreased risk of dying from colorectal cancer, if taken for at least a nine-month period.

And, the benefit extended to after a person had been diagnosed with colorectal cancer. The researchers found that people who had already been diagnosed and who took aspirin had a 23 percent decreased risk of dying from the disease, compared with people who didn't take it at all.

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Colorectal Cancer: Eating Fish, And 8 Other Things That Could Lower Your Risk

A child receives an oral polio vaccine in Ivory Coast. Improved vaccines are helping save children's lives globally.

STORY HIGHLIGHTS

Editor's note: Jeffrey D. Sachs is director of The Earth Institute at Columbia University and the author of "The Price of Civilization."

(CNN) -- There is a hidden revolution at work that can transform the lives of a billion of the poorest people on the planet.

The dream of health for all, even the poorest of the poor, can become a reality because of recent breakthroughs in technology and health systems. Scientific results that our Millennium Villages Project team published this week in The Lancet, coupled with broader trends around the world, should be a wake-up call: We can end the deaths of millions of young children and mothers each year by building on recent innovations.

In 2006, the Millennium Villages Project and impoverished communities around Africa jointly embarked upon the fight against extreme poverty, hunger and disease. The idea was to use low-cost, cutting-edge technologies to overcome ancient scourges like malaria and mothers dying in childbirth. Today, there is no deep mystery about what to do to stop these deaths, since the diagnostic tests, medicines and procedures are known. The challenge is to scale up these life-saving approaches.

Jeffrey D. Sachs

In three short years, starting from conditions of massive death tolls and a lack of health services, the Millennium Villages were able to reduce the deaths of children under 5-years-old by around 22%, roughly three times the rate of improvement of the countries at large. The progress is continuing as low-cost health services expand. The lessons extend far beyond this specific project.

Follow @CNNOpinion on Twitter and Facebook.com/cnnopinion

Poor children die of three main categories of disease: infections, nutritional deficiencies and conditions around childbirth. The technologies and procedures to fight all these causes of death are improving dramatically. Therein lies a great hope.

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Global health within our grasp, if we don't give up

Centuries ago, dental calculus would build up through the years, layer after layer, like a stalagmite, sometimes reaching impressive proportions. University of Nevada, Reno researchers have discovered that analysis of tiny fragments of this material can be used effectively in paleodietary research - the study of diets of earlier ancient and populations - without the need to destroy bone, as other methods do. Credit: Photo by G. Richard Scott, University of Nevada, Reno.

While we may brush and floss tirelessly and our dentists may regularly scrape and pick at our teeth to minimize the formation of plaque known as tartar or dental calculus, anthropologists may be rejoicing at the fact that past civilizations were not so careful with their dental hygiene.

University of Nevada, Reno researchers G. Richard Scott and Simon R. Poulson discovered that very small particles of plaque removed from the teeth of ancient populations may provide good clues about their diets. Scott is chair and associate professor of anthropology in the College of Liberal Arts. Poulson is research professor of geological sciences in the Mackay School of Earth Sciences and Engineering.

Scott obtained samples of dental calculus from 58 skeletons buried in the Cathedral of Santa Maria in northern Spain dating from the 11th to 19th centuries to conduct research on the diet of this ancient population. After his first methodology met with mixed results, he decided to send five samples of dental calculus to Poulson at the University's Stable Isotope Lab, in the off chance they might contain enough carbon and nitrogen to allow them to estimate stable isotope ratios.

"It's chemistry and is pretty complex," Scott explained. "But basically, since only protein has nitrogen, the more nitrogen that is present, the more animal products were consumed as part of the diet. Carbon provides information on the types of plants consumed."

Scott said that once at the lab, the material was crushed, and then an instrument called a mass spectrometer was used to obtain stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios.

"It was a long shot," he said. "No one really thought there would be enough carbon and nitrogen in these tiny, 5- to 10- milligram samples to be measurable, but Dr. Poulson's work revealed there was. The lab results yielded stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios very similar to studies that used bone collagen, which is the typical material used for this type of analysis."

Scott explained that the common practice of using bone to conduct such research is cumbersome and expensive, requiring several acid baths to extract the collagen for analysis. The process also destroys bone, so in many instances, it isn't permitted by museum curators.

As for using hair, muscle and nails for such research, Scott said, "They are great, when you can find them. The problem is, they just don't hold up very well. They decompose too quickly. Dental calculus, for better or for worse, stays around a very long time."

Scott said that although additional work is necessary to firmly establish this new method of using dental calculus for paleodietary research, the results of this initial study indicate it holds great potential.

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Researchers discover new research use for plaque

MISSION, KS--(Marketwire -05/03/12)- (Family Features) As schools are hard at work revamping lunch menus in line with the U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) new school lunch guidelines, chocolate milk has already undergone a makeover that schools, parents and kids can all feel good about.

Dr. Keith Ayoob, RD, a nationally-recognized child nutrition expert, highlights the biggest changes under the new guidelines:

More colorful fruits and vegetables. Both fruits and vegetables must be served every day of the week, and there is now a weekly requirement for specific colors of vegetables. Previously schools only had to offer either fruits or vegetables.

Whole grains will be required. While encouraged in the past, schools now must offer whole-grain rich foods. Schools are really looking at how to ensure foods are nutritious, but also appealing to kids. It's a challenge, but one that schools across the nation are focused on.

Schools are paying attention to portions. Calorie limits will be enforced based on the age of children being served to ensure proper portion size. New menus will be increasingly focused on reducing saturated fat, trans fats and sodium.

Nutrient-rich milk is emphasized. Along with low-fat and fat free white milk, now all the chocolate milk served for school lunch will be fat free.

While the school lunch menu has only recently changed, school chocolate milk has been undergoing changes for the past five years. The nation's milk processors have been hard at work to lower the calories and sugar in school flavored milk, while continuing to deliver a nutritious and delicious drink kids love. School flavored milk now has 38 percent less added sugar than just five years ago and on average, just 31 calories more than white milk. The majority have fewer than 150 calories per serving.

Flavored milk is the most popular choice in school lunch rooms, and kids drink less milk and get fewer nutrients when it's taken away. Whether flavored or white, milk has 9 essential nutrients, including calcium, vitamin D and potassium, which are all "nutrients of concern" that most kids fail to get enough of. Many kids are falling short of the recommended milk each day, and when they skip milk at lunch, they're not likely to make up for it the rest of their day.

Dr. Ayoob has some tips to help parents and kids make the most of school lunches:

Learn more at http://www.milkatschools.com.

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School Lunches Get a Makeover

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