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Nov 10

The HERO Study Findings Focusing on MACE Results – Bertrand Tombal – UroToday

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Alicia Morgans: Hi, my name is Alicia Morgans and I am a GU medical oncologist and associate professor of medicine at Northwestern University. I am so pleased to have here with me today, Dr. Bertrand Tombal, who is a urologist in Brussels, Belgium. He is here to talk with us about some of the cardiovascular risks from a urologist's perspective of ADT in men with prostate cancer. Thank you so much, Dr. Tombal.

Bertrand Tombal: Thank you. The pleasure is mine. Thank you for asking me to report on the cardiovascular result of the HERO relugolix trial. It's been waited for a long time.

Here is my conflict of interest. I've been interested in an HRH antagonist since the early 2000s. To me, it's like a top now with these new results.

I would like to entitle this based on George Orwell's, Animal Farm quotes, "All animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others," because I really believe that this is what has been creating confusion around cardiovascular risk.

And what we have observed with the antagonist, is that clearly, and I'm so happy that we are going to speak with a cardiologist later on, are all ADT treatment men equal when vis-a-vis(with regard to) the risk of cardiovascular disease?

As you know, there are some very common mechanisms that we observe in everybody we put on hormone therapy. This is not new. This is a 2006 Matt Smith trial. Basically when you measure lean men's fat mass, actually what is happening is this. And you don't need to be a genius to know that the guy on the right is more at risk cardiovascularly speaking than the original one, David one.

And actually, there has been a lot of discussions. I'm sure we are going to address that with the cardiologist, with a colleague cardiologist, that there is an increase in the risk of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, even cardiac deaths with all forms of hormone therapy, except the anti-androgens.

But this is not what I want to speak about. What I want to speak about is actually what's happening in the subgroup of a patient who has preexisting coronary heart disease. Once again, this is not new. This is a prospective review by Anthony D'Amico in 2009 when they looked at a large number of men treated with brachytherapy plus neoadjuvant hormone therapy. And what is very important is that the hormone therapy duration is very short. It's the median duration of four months. We are not speaking about men on chronic ADT for years. We are speaking about men who are with localized disease, receiving six months of hormone therapy, three to six months, so a median of four months.

And actually, what Anthony shows is that if you have no comorbidities or one CV risk factor, such as hypertension, so basically in terms of all-cause mortality, there is no difference whether you receive hormone or not. But if you have non-coronary heart disease, there was a rapid increase in all-cause mortality happening between one year and two. Something that is happening rapidly in the subgroup of a patient, the group of patients who had previous cardiovascular disease.

Everything is going on, we are like in 2010, that's about the time the FDA and the cardiologists say, "Hey guys, be careful. If you put somebody on the hormone, you are going to have some change in the risk factor." They ask the company to change the inset package, to change the label. They say, "You should warn the physician." That's about the time that degarelix is hitting the market and the company was interested to see whether the cardiovascular side effect was similar between agonist and antagonist. And to be honest, this was actually requested by the FDA. It was not something that came out of the mind of the company of one of the regular advisors, including people you know very well like Neal Shore, like Fred Saad. We were a group of four or five. Actually, they gave the data to another urologist, Peter Albertson, and he asked his own statistician to look at a large group of patients, roughly 2,400 patients, included in six randomized trials, comparing degarelix to either goserelin or leuprolide.

In that study, that is where we started to define a CV event in a kind of a standard way. In that, the initial paper was an event of myocardial ischemia, coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular accident, angina pectoris, or coronary artery bypass at baseline. The first observation is that actually in all the degarelix trials, that was roughly 30% of the patients. That was quite a large group. And very interestingly, if you look at the probability of a CV, a cardiovascular event, or death in that subgroup of the patient, it was reduced by more than 50% with a hazard ratio of 0.44. So, everybody says, "Okay, that's the prospective data." Although this was prospectively acquired, one of the big problems is that the CV event was treated as a side effect and not an endpoint. I must say people didn't react quite seriously to this data.

So, then the second piece of evidence came in 2019, roughly seven years later with this very interesting Phase 2 from a guy in Tel Aviv, David Margel, who actually did a proper trial where he randomized in phase 2, 80 men with prostate cancer and preexisting cardiovascular disease. And they were randomized to receive GnRH-agonist or antagonist, relugolix for one year. You see the distribution of the preexisting cardiovascular disease, I guess that would be kind of typical for anybody working in cardiology. But what was very interesting, is the huge difference in the number of CV events in one year. Once again, that kind of concept of even with very rapid onset, something that is happening within one year. So 39, 41 patients, 13 cardiovascular events with the agonist, and only two with the antagonist. And when David looked at the major CV and cerebrovascular events, so MACCE, that include death, myocardial infarction, CVA, and heart catheterization, it was eight versus one. Evidence started building up and people, at least many people, especially in my country start to say, "Oh, we may have something here."

Then came the relugolix trial. Neal Shore and I were the PI's of that trial. When we started working with Myovant, which has the license for relugolix, we said, "Okay, that is interesting but we really would like that you focus also on having a proper evaluation of cardiovascular disease," because we want to be sure that we could eventually repeat what has been seen retrospectively in the relugolix program and by David Margel. This was a typical hormone therapy trial comparing relugolix, which is an oral antagonist, which is given at a loading dose of 360 grams and then 120 grams. And in the control arm, the standard control arm for such trial, which is leuprolide acetate three months [inaudible]. It randomized 934 patients with prostate cancer. And that is a classical primary endpoint of testosterone suppression. This is an absolutely typical disease all ADT drug has been developed.

Very briefly, the drug worked. It is actually suppressing testosterone very well. And interestingly, although it was not really what we expected because this is not really what FDA asked, the primary endpoint not only was met but clearly, relugolix can be called superior in terms of testosterone suppression. But once again, that is not what we are interested in.

So, we started to look in more detail at the adverse cardiovascular event. If you take the whole population, there is a roughly 50% difference between leuprolide and relugolix with 7.1% of the patients in the leuprolide experiencing a cardiovascular event versus 3.9. And actually 6.2 MACE and 2.9 MACE in the relugolix.

But this is a curve. This says the reduction over time. You see once again, something very similar that we saw in the degarelix Albertson data, a reduction of 0.46. And to me, that is something very interesting. It's all consistent, the hazard ratio is. It's always 0.40 something. That to me is really puzzling and making the data quite solid.

And more interestingly is the proportion of patients with MACE and the difference between relugolix and leuprolide because, indeed, in a patient who had a history of MACE, 17.8%, once again, one patient out of five, roughly in the leuprolide group will experience a MACE, and once again, I do insist on a one-year trial because it is the standard duration of this trial, with a hazard ratio of 5.8. In the group of the patients having no MACE, there is still a difference, but you see what is more important I would say is not necessarily the benefit of relugolix, but with the huge amount of patients, the huge proportion of patients who experience a major adverse cardiovascular event, once they have a history of MACE already. Clearly interesting.

Why? I will leave the cardiologist to discuss that. Actually, the short answer is, we have no idea. What we know is that there is a GnRH receptor in T-cells of atherosclerotic plaque, there is an FSH receptor. If you want to see the view of the urologist, you should read that nice paper by David Crawford. That is kind of [inaudible], but to be honest, we do not really have the final explanation.

Instead of making my own conclusion, I would like to read the conclusion of Tia Higano in the editorial of the New England Journal of Medicine, the result of the HERO trial that she said clearly, "To that end, it might be time to consider treating men who have pre-existing cardiovascular risk factor with a GnRH antagonist rather than an agonist even though no level one outcome data exists for the superiority of a GnRH antagonist over a GnRH agonist with respect to cardiovascular events or death from cardiovascular causes. The testosterone suppression data for GnRH antagonists are level one. Therefore it is likely that the anticancer effects of a GnRH antagonist will not be inferior to those of a GnRH agonist and may be beneficial in terms of cardiovascular events that may be life-limiting."

Thank you very much for listening to me.

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Nov 10

RUDN University biologist found sex differences in inflammatory reactions in rat pups – Science Codex

A biologist from RUDN University studied the development of the immune response in prepubertal male and female animals. According to her, the severity and mortality of infectious and inflammatory diseases at this age depend not on the sex hormones, but mainly on the chromosome set or karyotype. The results of the study were published in the Scientific Reports journal.

The amount of sex hormones in an animal's body changes during its life along with the state of its immune system. The correlation between these two processes hasn't been fully understood yet. It is yet unknown how sex hormones affect the immune systems of animals in the prepubertal period (in humans, this term refers to the age from 6-7 to 11-12 years). A biologist from RUDN University was the first to describe the differences in the immune response in prepubertal male and female rats. The results of the study can help find more effective treatment methods for children's diseases and increase the safety of vaccines.

"Understanding the peculiarities of the immune response in prepubertal animals can lead to the development of more effective immunotherapeutic approaches and help minimize the side effects of vaccination in children. That is why we decided to focus on the sex differences in the inflammatory response in prepubertal rats," said Anna Kosyreva, a Ph.D. in Biology, and an Assistant Professor at the Department of Histology, Cytology, and Embryology, RUDN University.

The team used 51 10-day-old rats (21 females and 30 males) in their experiment. 35 of them (12 females and 23 males) were injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a toxic structural component of bacterial cell walls, to imitate septic shock--a common complication of severe infectious diseases. The administered dose (15 mg per one kg of weight) is deadly for adult animals but in the pups, the mortality rate amounted to 17% (2 out of 12) in females and 56% (13 out of 23) for males. 24 hours after the injection the team conducted a histological analysis of the lungs, livers, and thymuses of the survivors as well as the pups from the control group that hadn't received an injection. Before and after the injection the biologists measured the levels of the sex hormones estradiol and testosterone, as well as corticosteroids (hormones produced only by the adrenal cortex, not the genital glands) in all animals.

According to the team, the sex differences in the immune response to LPS in female and male rats did not depend on sex hormones. However, the progress of the inflammation in males was more severe: the area of liver necrosis in them was seven times larger than in females. Almost all injected pups developed pulmonary edema, but the number of neutrophils (inflammation-targeting cells) in males was 1.5 times higher. This more active inflammatory reaction is likely to be the cause of higher mortality among male rats. This difference could not have been explained by sex hormones. Therefore, the team assumed that the X chromosome could be the case.

The X chromosome contains immune response genes, including the regulators of NF-B--a factor in charge of the synthesis of inflammation mediators. Females have two X chromosomes, one from each parent. If the genes responsible for NF-B turn out to be dominant in one of the chromosomes, it takes over the other, and the dominant genes start to determine the production of inflammation mediators. In such a case, an animal has more chances to effectively fight infections. However, the males don't have this advantage because they only have one X chromosome with a single group of immune response genes.

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Nov 7

Global Testosterone Cypionate Injection Market Research Report Covers (COVID-19 Analysis) Industry Research, Drivers, Top Trends, Global Analysis And…

Global Testosterone Cypionate Injection Market Is Reported To Witness A Steady CAGR Irrespective Of Coronavirus Pandemic: Market Data Analytics

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Nov 7

Global Testosterone Replacement Therapy Market- Manufacturers, Recent Developments, Competitive Analysis and Development Forecasts to 2029 – Eurowire

The Testosterone Replacement Therapy Market study describes the current market size and market forecast, market prospects, main drivers and constraints, regulatory scenario, industry trend, PESTLE analysis, PORTER analysis, new product approvals / launch, promotion and marketing campaigns, pricing analysis , competitive environment to assist companies in decision-making. The data from the study is focused on current and historical market dynamics that assist in decisions related to investment.

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AbbVieEndo InternationalEli lillyPfizerActavis (Allergan)BayerNovartisTevaMylanUpsher-SmithFerring PharmaceuticalsKyowa KirinAcerus Pharmaceuticals

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Nov 7

The Male Hypogonadism Market To Slither Amidst Covid-19, To Pick Up Pace Post-Covid-19, Reach US$ 3300 Mn – The Think Curiouser

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According to Persistence Market Researchs new report, globalmale hypogonadism marketis slated to exhibit a steady expansion throughout the forecast period (2017-2026). Revenues from the global market for male hypogonadism are estimated to exceed US$ 3,300 Mn by 2026-end.

Governments Taking Initiatives to Spread Awareness about Male Hypogonadism Therapeutics

Lack of sex hormones, usually referred to as male hypogonadism has resulted into many health risks that include osteoporosis, heart disease, and cardiovascular diseases on the back of thinning of bones. Global male hypogonadism market comprises several patented brands that currently have high market penetration. Proliferation in geriatric population in tandem with rising incidences related to rheumatoid arthritis and obesity have been primary factors affecting prevalence of male hypogonadism globally.

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Mounting incidences of testosterone deficiency in male population is a key factor that prevalence of male hypogonadism has surged worldwide. Several governments around the world have been taking initiatives to spread the awareness on hypogonadism treatment procedures, for example testosterone replacement therapy (TST), in order to relieve the painful burden on patients and their families.

As low testosterone levels are increasingly associated with exacerbation of chronic conditions, it further results into disorders apropos to hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Advent of TST has however enabled reduction in cases of male hypogonadism considerably. With growing awareness related to its treatment among patients, the market is likely to gain an uptick during the forecast period.

Rising availability of the selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) has further sustained the market expansion. The development and high availability of SARMs has led toward the provision of improved treatment procedure to patients having androgen deficiencies, thereby influencing the market growth.

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North America will continue to Dominate Global Male Hypogonadism Market

North America will continue to dominate the global male hypogonadism market, with more than one-third revenue share during the forecast period. In addition, revenues from the male hypogonadism market in North America will exhibit the fastest expansion through 2026, as compared to those from all the other regional segments comprised in the report. Europe and Asia-Pacific excluding Japan (APEJ) are also expected to remain lucrative for the male hypogonadism market. The market in APEJ will ride on a slightly higher CAGR than that in Europe through 2026.

Topical gels are expected to remain the most lucrative among drugs available for treatment of male hypogonadism globally, with sales projected to register the fastest expansion through 2026. Injectables will also remain a major revenue contributor to the market. Sales of injectable and transdermal patches are poised to reflect an equal CAGR through 2026.

Testosterone Replacement Therapy to Remain Preferred among Patients

Based on therapy, testosterone replacement therapy is expected to remain preferred among patients with male hypogonadism worldwide. Roughly 66% revenue share of the market is expected to be held by revenues from testosterone replacement therapy by 2026-end. Revenues from gonadotropin replacement therapy will remain slightly more than half revenues gained from testosterone replacement therapy throughout the forecast period.

Klinefelters syndrome is expected to remain the most prevalent disease type observed in the male hypogonadism market, and revenues from treatment of this disease will exceed US$ 1,800 Mn by 2026-end. Kallmann Syndrome and Pituitary Adenomas among disease types will also account for major revenue shares of the market by 2026-end.

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The Male Hypogonadism Market To Slither Amidst Covid-19, To Pick Up Pace Post-Covid-19, Reach US$ 3300 Mn - The Think Curiouser


Nov 7

Feminizing hormone therapy: Medications, effects, and risks – Insider – INSIDER

Feminizing hormone therapy is a common way for transfeminine or gender non-binary individuals to achieve traditionally female characteristics and feel more comfortable in their own bodies. Here's how it works, what you can expect from the procedure, and important health risks to know.

Feminizing hormone therapy can involve taking estrogen and anti-androgen hormones. An anti-androgen is any drug that blocks the production of male sex hormones, mainly testosterone.

"We're increasing estrogen levels while also decreasing testosterone levels," says Ravi Iyengar, MD, an endocrinologist at Rush University Medical Center with a clinical expertise in transgender medicine.

Ultimately, the target is to lower the patient's testosterone levels to that of the typical cis female range, which is around 30 to 100 ng/dl. The following medications are usually used:

"I usually talk to most of my patients that, in general, hormone therapy is not quick to act. It's a process and it does take a couple of years," Iyengar says.

Here is a general timeline and description of the changes you might expect from feminizing hormone therapy:

Shayanne Gal/Insider

To develop the right individualized treatment plan, you should talk with your doctor about what you'd like to gain from feminizing hormone therapy and your preferred timetable, as you can adjust your dosage accordingly.

The lower your dose of feminizing hormones, the slower the changes you'll see in your body. However, this doesn't necessarily mean that higher doses cause faster changes, and they may even endanger your health.

In fact, high doses of estrogen can increase the risk of blood clots, stroke, and estrogen-related tumors, according to a 2018 study. That's why preliminary blood tests are important for those seeking to go on feminizing hormone therapy.

"Every person is unique based on their own health factors and their family history," says Amy Weimer, MD, a primary care physician with a clinical interest in transgender care at UCLA Health. "But at the very baseline, we typically check blood count and a liver and kidney panel, then may check tests for cholesterol or diabetes or occasionally hormone levels as well."

Blood clots are the best characterized risks for estrogen therapies, says Joshua Safer, MD, an endocrinologist at the Center for Transgender Medicine and Surgery at Mount Sinai Hospital. However, they're not common. A 2017 study found that blood clots form within roughly two of 1,000 people on feminizing hormone therapy.

Those taking spironolactone must also know their baseline potassium levels. Spironolactone is known as a potassium-sparing diuretic, meaning it prevents the body from having low potassium levels. The drug blocks the hormone aldosterone, which causes the kidneys to pass fluid while keeping potassium.

In some cases, potassium could build up to higher than normal levels in a condition called hyperkalemia, though it is also rare.You should check in with your doctor if you experience the following symptoms of hyperkalemia:

Weimer also says there are a few medical cases where feminizing hormone therapy may be more harmful to your health, such as having signs of breast cancer, colorectal cancer, or any cancer sensitive to estrogen.

While feminizing hormone therapy comes with some health risks, for some people, not receiving this treatment can be even more harmful. "It is, for many people, a life-threatening condition to continue without access to hormone therapy," Weimer says. "It carries its own very high health risk."

To find an expert well-versed in transgender care, try to find a WPATH provider near you. WPATH stands for World Professional Association for Transgender Health and aims to promote evidence-based care, education, research, public policy, and respect in transgender health. Other good places to look for a provider include LGBT centers, community health centers, or community clinics, says Weimer.

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Feminizing hormone therapy: Medications, effects, and risks - Insider - INSIDER


Nov 7

Free Will Astrology: November 4, 2020 – River Cities Reader

ARIES (March 21-April 19): Aries poet Charles Baudelaire championed the privilege and luxury of changing one's mind. He thought it was natural and healthy to always keep evolving beyond one's previous beliefs and attitudes, even if that meant one might seem inconsistent or irrational. "It is lamentable," he once proclaimed, "that, among the Rights of Human Beings, the right to contradict oneself has been disregarded." I bring these thoughts to your attention, dear Aries, so that you will feel at peace with the prospect of outgrowing rules, strategies, and approaches that have worked well for you up until now but that have outlived their usefulness.

TAURUS (April 20-May 20): The horoscopes I write are my love letters to you. As I compose them, my goal is to celebrate your beauty and strength even as I discern what's lacking in your life and what confusions might be undermining you. In my philosophy of life, that's how love works at its best: remaining keenly aware of the good qualities in the beloved while helping them deal with their problems and heal their wounds. I suggest that in the coming weeks you adopt my approach for use with your own close relationships. Your allies are in special need of both your praise and your rectifications.

GEMINI (May 21-June 20): When Charles de Gaulle was 15 years old, he wrote "General de Gaulle," a short story in which he envisioned himself, many years in the future, as a general in the French army. Thirty-five years later, his imaginary tale came true, as he became a general of the free French army fighting against Germany in World War II. In the spirit of de Gaulle's prophecy, and in accordance with current astrological omens, I encourage you to compose a comparable tale about your own destiny. Have fun as you visualize in great detail a successful role you will play months or even years from now.

CANCER (June 21-July 22): In 1903, archaeologists digging in a cave in Cheddar Gorge, England found the fossilized remains of "Cheddar Man," a person who had lived there 9,000 years earlier. In 1997, DNA tests revealed that a teacher named Adrian Targett, who was living a half-mile from the cave, was a direct descendant of Cheddar Man. I propose that we invoke this scenario to serve as a metaphor for you in the coming months. According to my analysis of the astrological omens, your ancestors are likely to play a bigger role in your life than usual. Connections between you and them will be more vivid and influential and worthy of your meditations.

LEO (July 23-August 22): According to the film Amadeus, composers Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (17561791) and Antonio Salieri (17501825) were adversaries who disliked and undermined each other. But there's evidence that this was not entirely true. In fact, they collaborated on creating a cantata that was performed by Nancy Storace, a famous singer they both admired. It's unlikely they would have cooperated in such a way unless they had a working relationship. I suspect that a comparable correction is due in your world, Leo. It's time to dissolve a misunderstanding or restore a lost truth or fix an old story that got some of the facts wrong.

VIRGO (August 23-September 22): The coming weeks will be a favorable time for you to ask for help and seek support. I urge you to be forthright in doing so! Resources that have been inaccessible before may be more available now. I suspect you will be able to capitalize on the luck and skill of allies who have benefited from your favors in the past. Their successes could bring you blessings and their breakthroughs should inspire you to instigate breakthroughs in your own life. Be straightforward: Ask them to lend their influence in your behalf.

LIBRA (September 23-October 22): In the 1970s, an Englishman named Stephen Pile founded the Not Terribly Good Club. It was designed to be a gathering place for mediocre people whose lives were marked by inadequacy and incompetence. To organize his thoughts about the club's themes, Pile eventually published a book titled The Book of Heroic Fallures. Unfortunately, it sold so many copies that he got expelled from his own club. He had become too successful! I suspect that in the coming months, you may have an experience akin to his. The odds are good that you'll find interesting success in an area of your life where you have previously been just average.

SCORPIO (October 23-November 21): "At every crossroad, be prepared to bump into wonder," wrote Scorpio poet James Broughton. I believe that's stirring advice for you to keep in mind during the coming weeks. Broughton's words inspired me to come up with a corollary for you to heed, as well: "At every turning point, be ready to stumble into an opportunity disguised as a problem." I've got one more clue for you. Last night in my dream, my Scorpio poetry teacher offered a thought that's well-suited for you right now: "Whenever you want to take a magic twisty leap into the big fresh future, be willing to engage in one last wrestling match with the past."

SAGITTARIUS (November 22-December 21): Actor Gary Busey is quirky and kooky, but his peculiar rants sometimes make good sense. Here's one that I suspect might be useful for you to consider during the next two weeks: "It's good for everyone to understand that they are to love their enemies, simply because your enemies show you things about yourself you need to change. So in actuality enemies are friends in reverse." I don't mean to imply that your adversaries and nemeses are totally accurate in their critiques of you. But there may be a thing or two you can learn from them right now that would truly improve your life.

CAPRICORN (December 22-January 19): Musician John Coltrane described one of his life goals as follows: "There are forces out here that bring suffering to others and misery to the world," he said. "But I want to be the opposite force. I want to be the force which is truly for good." Even if that's not an intention at the core of your long-term plans, Capricorn, I recommend you consider adopting it during the next few weeks. Being a vigorous and rigorous force for good will be especially needed by the people with whom you associate and will also result in you attracting interesting benefits.

AQUARIUS (January 20-February 18): Known as "the bad boy of bridge," Aquarian-born Geir Helgemo is a champion in the card game of bridge. At times he has been the top-rated player among Open World Grand Masters. But in 2019, he was suspended from the World Bridge Federation for a year because he tested positive for taking testosterone supplements that are banned. Why did he do it? He hasn't said. There is some scientific research suggesting that testosterone may boost cognitive function, but other evidence says it doesn't. I'd like to use Helgemo's foolishness as a teaching story for your use, Aquarius. According to my astrological analysis, you're approaching the peak of your competence and confidence. There's no need for you to cheat or sneak or misbehave in a misplaced effort to seek an even greater advantage. In fact, righteous integrity will enhance your intelligence.

PISCES (February 19-March 20): "I might really have gone round the bend," confessed Botswana author Bessie Head. "I mean people who get visions and see a gigantic light descend on them from the sky can't be all there, but if so I feel mighty happy. If one is happy and cracked it's much better than being unhappy and sane." Although I don't expect your state of mind in the coming weeks will be as extreme as Bessie Head's, Pisces, I do suspect it will have resemblances to her dreamy cheerfulness. If I had to give a title to this upcoming phase, it might be "Wise Folly." And yes, I do think your "craziness" will generate useful insights and fertile revelations.

Homework: At what moment in your past were you happiest about the person you were? Can you recreate it? Visit FreeWillAstrology.com.

Excerpt from:
Free Will Astrology: November 4, 2020 - River Cities Reader


Nov 5

Testosterone Replacement Therapy Market Size, Trends and Cost with Global Forecast by 2027 – Eurowire

Testosterone Replacement Therapy Market Size And Forecast

A comprehensive overview of the Testosterone Replacement Therapy Market is recently added by Market Research Intellect to its humongous database. Furthermore, the Testosterone Replacement Therapy Market report has been aggregated by collecting informative data of various dynamics such as market drivers, restraints, and opportunities. Furthermore, this innovative report makes use of SWOT, PESTLE, and Porters Five Forces analyses to get a closer outlook on the Testosterone Replacement Therapy Market. Furthermore, the Testosterone Replacement Therapy Market report offers a detailed analysis of the latest industry developments and trending factors in the market that are influencing the market growth. Furthermore, this statistical market research repository examines and estimates the Testosterone Replacement Therapy Market at the global and regional levels. The study covers the impact of various drivers and manacles on the Testosterone Replacement Therapy Market growth opportunities over the forecast period.

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During the first quarter of 2020, different global economies were badly impacted by a viral outbreak of COVID-19. This viral outbreak of the Covid-19 was later recognized as a global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). COVID-19 spread in different global countries, affecting a large number of people in a short timeframe. The outburst of COVID-19 adversely hit different global economies in the world. The stringent regulations imposed by several governments, including complete lockdown and quarantine methodologies to fight against COVID-19, resulted in a massive impact on various business sectors. We at Market Research Intellect offer an informative report on the Testosterone Replacement Therapy Market which helps in making strategic decisions over the forecast period.

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The degree of competition among leading global companies has been elaborated by examining various leading key players operating across the global regions An expert team of research analysts sheds light on various attributes such as -global market competition, market share, latest industry developments, innovative product launches, partnerships, mergers or acquisitions by leading companies in the Testosterone Replacement Therapy Market. The leading manufacturers have been analyzed by using research methodologies for getting insight views on global competition.

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Testosterone Replacement Therapy Market Segmentation:

Testosterone Replacement Therapy Market Segment by Type:

Testosterone Replacement Therapy Market Segment by Application:

Testosterone Replacement Therapy Market Segment by Global Presence:

North America Latin America Middle East Asia-Pacific Africa Europe

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Testosterone Replacement Therapy Market Size, Trends and Cost with Global Forecast by 2027 - Eurowire


Nov 5

Testosterone Cypionate Market To 2026: Growth Analysis By Manufacturers, Regions, Types And Applications – The Think Curiouser

DataIntelo offers a detailed report on Global Testosterone Cypionate Market. The report is a comprehensive research study that provides the scope of Testosterone Cypionate market size, industry growth opportunities and challenges, current market trends, potential players, and expected performance of the market in regions for the forecast period from 2020 to 2027. This report highlights key insights on the market focusing on the possible requirements of the clients and assisting them to make right decision about their business investment plans and strategies.

The Testosterone Cypionate market report also covers an overview of the segments and sub-segmentations including the product types, applications, companies and regions. This report further includes the impact of COVID-19 on the market and explains dynamics of the market, future business impact, competition landscape of the companies, and the flow of the global supply and consumption. The report provides an in-depth analysis of the overall market structure of Testosterone Cypionate and assesses the possible changes in the current as well as future competitive scenarios of the Testosterone Cypionate market.

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The report is prepared with a group of graphical representations, tables, and figures which displays a clear picture of the developments of the products and its market performance over the last few years. With this precise report, it can be easily understood the growth potential, revenue growth, product range, and pricing factors related to the Testosterone Cypionate market. The report also covers the recent agreements including merger & acquisition, partnership or joint venture and latest developments of the manufacturers to sustain in the global competition of the Testosterone Cypionate market.

Key companies that are covered in this report:

PfizerCiplaSun PharmaceuticalTevaPerrigoHikma Pharmaceuticals

*Note: Additional companies can be included on request

The report covers a detailed performance of some of the key players and analysis of major players in the industry, segments, application, and regions. Moreover, the report also considers the governments policies in different regions which illustrates the key opportunities as well as challenges of the market in each region.

By Application:

Primary hypogonadismHypogonadotropic hypogonadismLate-onset hypogonadism

By Type:

200 mg/mL100 mg/mL

As per the report, the Testosterone Cypionate market is projected to reach a value of USDXX by the end of 2027 and grow at a CAGR of XX% through the forecast period (2020-2027). The report describes the current market trend of the Testosterone Cypionate in regions, covering North America, Latin America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and Middle East & Africa by focusing the market performance by the key countries in the respective regions. According to the need of the clients, this report can be customized and available in a separate report for the specific region.

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The following is the TOC of the report:

Executive Summary

Assumptions and Acronyms Used

Research Methodology

Testosterone Cypionate Market Overview

Testosterone Cypionate Supply Chain Analysis

Testosterone Cypionate Pricing Analysis

Global Testosterone Cypionate Market Analysis and Forecast by Type

Global Testosterone Cypionate Market Analysis and Forecast by Application

Global Testosterone Cypionate Market Analysis and Forecast by Sales Channel

Global Testosterone Cypionate Market Analysis and Forecast by Region

North America Testosterone Cypionate Market Analysis and Forecast

Latin America Testosterone Cypionate Market Analysis and Forecast

Europe Testosterone Cypionate Market Analysis and Forecast

Asia Pacific Testosterone Cypionate Market Analysis and Forecast

Middle East & Africa Testosterone Cypionate Market Analysis and Forecast

Competition Landscape

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Which end-user is likely to play a crucial role in the development of the Testosterone Cypionate market?

Which regional market is expected to dominate the Testosterone Cypionate market in 2020-2027?

How is consumer consumption behavior impacting the business operations of market players in the current scenario of the Testosterone Cypionate market?

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Testosterone Cypionate Market To 2026: Growth Analysis By Manufacturers, Regions, Types And Applications - The Think Curiouser


Nov 5

Global Testosterone Replacement Therapy Market Growth, Development Strategy, Trends, Demand, Future Prospects and Forecast to 2024 – PRnews Leader

The Testosterone Replacement Therapy Market study describes the current market size and market forecast, market prospects, main drivers and constraints, regulatory scenario, industry trend, PESTLE analysis, PORTER analysis, new product approvals / launch, promotion and marketing campaigns, pricing analysis , competitive environment to assist companies in decision-making. The data from the study is focused on current and historical market dynamics that assist in decisions related to investment.

Testosterone Replacement Therapy offers fundamental industry overview representing market trends, company profiles, growth drivers, market scope and Testosterone Replacement Therapy size estimation. The valuable Testosterone Replacement Therapy industry insights, type, application, deployment status and research regions are studied. A thorough analysis of gross margin view, trade news, industry plans and policies, constraints are explained. A complete Testosterone Replacement Therapy industry scenario is explained from 2014 to 2019 and forecast estimates are presented from 2020-2024. The productions, industry chain analysis, gross margin structure and deployment models are stated in detail. Top regions analysed in the report include North America, South America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Middle East & Africa and the rest of the world. The Testosterone Replacement Therapy industry presence and maturity analysis will lead to investment feasibility and development scope.

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https://www.globalmarketers.biz/report/life-sciences/global-testosterone-replacement-therapy-market-2019-by-manufacturers,-regions,-type-and-application,-forecast-to-2024/129647#request_sample

Testosterone Replacement Therapy Market Leading Players (2019-2024):

AbbVieEndo InternationalEli lillyPfizerActavis (Allergan)BayerNovartisTevaMylanUpsher-SmithFerring PharmaceuticalsKyowa KirinAcerus Pharmaceuticals

Market Segment Analysis

By Types:

GelsInjectionsPatchesOther

By Applications:

HospitalsClinicsOthers

By Region

North America

Europe

Asia-Pacific

LAMEA

Ask for Discount @:

https://www.globalmarketers.biz/discount_inquiry/discount/129647

Testosterone Replacement Therapy Industry Report addresses different regions like North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Middle East & Africa and Latin America. The production value, gross margin analysis, development trend, and Testosterone Replacement Therapy market positioning is explained. The industrial chain study, potential buyers, distributors and traders details are explained. The challenges to the growth and market restraints are explained. The market maturity study, investment scope and gross margin study are profiled. The production process structure, market share, manufacturing cost and Testosterone Replacement Therapy saturation analysis is covered. This will helps the industry aspirants to analysis growth feasibility and development plans.

A special highlight on cost structure, import-export scenario and sales channels of Testosterone Replacement Therapy industry is presented. The benchmarking products, dynamic market changes, upstream raw material and downstream buyers analysis are presented. The business trends, key players analysis and product segment study are explained. The regional SWOT analysis, gross margin analysis, application analysis and industry barriers are explained. The value, volume and consumption from 2019-2024 is portrayed. All the essential details like pricing structure of raw materials, labour cost, sales channels and downstream buyers are presented.

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In the next segment, the forecast Testosterone Replacement Therapy industry perspective is covered. Under forecast statistics, the market value, volume and consumption forecast from 2019-2024 is explained. Testosterone Replacement Therapy regional analysis for major regions and countries in this region is stated. The study of new Testosterone Replacement Therapy industry aspirants and analysts opinions for this industry is presented. The limitations to the industry growth, market risks, Testosterone Replacement Therapy growth opportunities and market trends are viewed. The revenue, Testosterone Replacement Therapy market status, past market performance and product details are presented.

Salient Features Of The Report:

The Testosterone Replacement Therapy report serves as a vital guide in portraying present and forecast industry statistics and market size. The supply/ demand situation, gross margin view and competitive profile of top Testosterone Replacement Therapy players are presented. The Testosterone Replacement Therapy market breakdown by product, type, application and regions will provide sophisticated and precise analysis. Recent developments in Testosterone Replacement Therapy industry, growth opportunities, constraints are studied completely. Also, new product launch events, mergers & acquisitions of Testosterone Replacement Therapy , and industry plans and policies are covered.

The revenue estimates of Testosterone Replacement Therapy market based on top industry players, their product type, applications and regions is studied. The cost structures, gross margin view, sales channel analysis and value chain is explained. In the next segment, the SWOT analysis of players, cost structures, traders, distributors and dealers are listed. The forecast study on Testosterone Replacement Therapy industry will be useful for business plans and growth analysis.

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https://www.globalmarketers.biz/report/life-sciences/global-testosterone-replacement-therapy-market-2019-by-manufacturers,-regions,-type-and-application,-forecast-to-2024/129647#table_of_contents

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Global Testosterone Replacement Therapy Market Growth, Development Strategy, Trends, Demand, Future Prospects and Forecast to 2024 - PRnews Leader



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