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Embarking on a weight loss journey is akin to a marathon, not a sprint, says Dalia Beydoun, R.D. Each persons weight loss journey is unique, with its own timeline, hurdles, and milestones. But for the majority of people, safe and sustainable weight loss takes time."

In general, though, weight loss can be delineated into three stages: rapid weight loss, gradual weight loss, and maintenance. The length of each stage depends on the individual, Michelle Routhenstein, R.D., preventive cardiology dietitian says. Being able to identify these stages may be a key sign of healthy and sustainable weight loss.

Ahead, dietitians spell out what you should know about the difference stages of weight loss, how much weight you can lose safely, and more.

There are a few.

It's not uncommon to see substantial drops in weight right at the beginning of a weight loss journey, as the body adapts to new habits, expands Tiffany Ma, R.D.N.

[This] rapid weight loss stage is the initial, and typically, the shortest stage. This is the time when diet modifications have just begun and there is a significant drop in body weight within a short period, says Beydoun. During this stage, individuals usually experience a pronounced decrease in water weight, likely due to a reduction in glycogen stores which are used up for energy when the body is in a calorie deficit.

This stage can last anywhere from a few days to a few weeks, depending on factors such as starting weight, dietary changes, and physical activity levels," she says. "While rapid weight loss can be motivating, much of the initial drop on the scale can be attributed to fluid loss rather than fat loss."

People often incorporate drastic calorie restriction or extreme exercise regimens to hit this rapid weight loss stage quickly, says Routhensteinas you might see wrestlers do right before a weigh-in, or when someone needs to lose a few pounds to fit into a suit for an occasion. This approach can lead to muscle loss, nutrient deficiencies, and potential health risks such as gout attacks and liver issues."

Gradual, or slow weight loss, is the next stage of losing weight. As the body adapts to the changes introduced during the rapid weight loss phase, progress may slow down during the second stage, says Ma. This phase involves a more gradual and sustainable rate of weight loss, typically ranging from 0.5 to two pounds per week.

During this stage, individuals may focus on incorporating healthier eating habits, regular physical activity, and behavior modifications to support long-term weight management. It can last for several months or years, depending on the individual.

The pace of weight loss slows down compared to the initial rapid phase, but it is often more indicative of true fat loss rather than water weight," says Beydoun. You may be losing weight less quickly, but this stage of weight loss is what creates your success for the long haul. It allows for better preservation of muscle mass, reduces the risk of negative health consequences, and promotes long-term weight maintenance.

Once youve reached your goal weight range, your attention shifts to sticking at that weight for the months and years to come. This stage may come unintentionallywhat was once your calorie deficit becomes your maintenance calories as you lose weight.

Weight maintenance refers to the phase following successful weight loss where individuals actively work to sustain their achieved weight through continued adherence to healthy habits and lifestyle changes, says Beydoun. This phase is key for preventing the regaining of weight by anchoring those long term habits. It involves finding a sustainable balance between calorie intake and expenditure without excessive restriction, maintaining regular physical activity, and monitoring progress."

If youre noticing that you dont go directly from rapid weight loss to gradual weight loss, youre not alone.

Between the rapid and gradual weight loss stages, its common to experience intermediate phases of weight fluctuations and plateaus. While weight fluctuations are normal, plateaus may often require adjustments to dietary and exercise strategies, says Beydoun. These stages might make your weight loss journey more challenging, but they do show the value of long term lifestyle changes as opposed to rash, short term extreme diets.

Fluctuation between stages happen when individuals encounter obstacles like plateaus, cravings, and social pressures, Routhenstein says. "Successfully navigating this stage involves adapting strategies, building resilience, and seeking support to overcome setbacks and continue progressing towards long-term weight loss goals."

As we touched on above, to ensure sustainable, healthy weight loss, most people dont want to lose more than two pounds a week.

Rapid weight loss is not recommended, as losing more than two pounds in a week can cause muscle loss and increase the risk of gout attacks and liver scarring, says Routhenstein.

Not all weight loss is fat loss.

Fat loss refers to a decrease in body fat mass specifically, while weight loss encompasses any reduction in overall body weight, including water weight and muscle mass, says Routhenstein. Prioritizing fat loss through healthy lifestyle changes is preferred over simple weight loss for improved body composition and overall health."

The key concept here is zooming in on long-term fat loss over weight loss. It's essential to focus on sustainable fat loss rather than simply chasing a lower number on the scale since preserving lean muscle mass will promote overall health, says Ma. To avoid losing muscle mass while losing weight, prioritize strength training and keep up your protein intake.

Maintenance requires ongoing adherence to the healthy eating habits you participated in while you were losing weight and participating in regular physical activity, and whatever other lifestyle modifications you utilizedlike limiting alcohol and avoiding cigarettes and other drugs, Ma says. It's a lifelong commitment to health and well-being and is often considered the hardest part about ones weight loss journey, emphasizing sustainable habits rather than short-term fixes.

Perri is a New York City-born and -based writer; she holds a bachelors in psychology from Columbia University and is also a culinary school graduate of the plant-based Natural Gourmet Institute, which is now the Natural Gourmet Center at the Institute of Culinary Education. Her work has appeared in the New York Post, Men's Journal, Rolling Stone, Oprah Daily, Insider.com, Architectural Digest, Southern Living, and more. She's probably seen Dave Matthews Band in your hometown, and she'll never turn down a bloody mary. Learn more at VeganWhenSober.com.

Originally posted here:
What Are the Stages of Weight Loss? Dietitians Explain - Men's Health

Kyle Richards gained weight in 2017, reportedly due to stress eating caused by the death of her best friend and the rumors of her husband's infidelity. She revealed her weight on the show, and learned that she was at risk of diabetes, heart disease and obesity. She said she felt insecure and unhappy with her body, and wanted to lose weight. She started working on her health and fitness, and by the end of 2017, she had lost 12 pounds. She credited her friend and co-star Teddi Mellencamp Arroyave for motivating her and helping her with her workouts. She also changed her diet, and avoided alcohol, bread, pasta and sugar. She said she ate protein, fruit and vegetables instead.

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In 2018, she went through a divorce from Mauricio Umansky, which she said was a painful and emotional process. She admitted that she had some setbacks in her weight loss journey, and gained some of the weight back. She said she was determined to get back on track and reach her goal weight of 115 pounds.

In 2019, she showed off her weight loss on Instagram, and said she had lost 25 pounds. She said she felt amazing and proud of her hard work. She also said she had balanced her hormones and detoxified her body with supplements.

In 2020, she continued to share her progress on social media, and said she had lost 10 more pounds. She said she had achieved her weight loss by eating healthier, exercising, and taking dietary supplements. She also said she had a new boyfriend, Rick Hilton, who supported her and made her happy.

In 2021, she celebrated her weight loss journey with a series of photos on Instagram, and said she had reached her goal weight. She said she was excited and grateful for her transformation. She also said she had a new breast reduction surgery, which she said improved her appearance and confidence.

In 2022, she maintained her weight and her relationship, and said she was looking forward to filming the new season of the show. She said she was feeling strong and confident, and ready for new challenges. She also said she had the support of her friends and fans, who praised her for her weight loss and her happiness.

In 2023, she faced some rumors that she had lost weight in an unnatural way, such as using injections or surgery. She denied these allegations, and said she had lost weight naturally and healthily. She said she was done letting other people affect her, and focused on her own well-being.

In 2024, she is still enjoying her weight loss and her life, and said she has never looked or felt better. She said she is happy with her body and her boyfriend, and has a positive outlook on the future. She said she hopes to inspire other people who are struggling with their weight, and show them that anything is possible with dedication and perseverance.

How does PhenQ Fat Burner work?

PhenQ works on weight loss in 5 different ways. Since there are five things that change your BMI and weight loss, PhenQ works on each one of them so the weight loss stays for long. Here are the five parts of weight loss with PhenQ:

Starts Fat Burning: PhenQ has a mix of ALA, Cysteine base, Magnesium, and other ingredients that can start the thermogenesis process. The formula works fast by making thermogenesis natural and stopping the slowing down of the fat-burning process. This helps your body burn more calories than normal and start losing weight naturally.

Lowers Fat Storage: PhenQ lowers the cells power and habit to store fat and get bigger. Some natural ingredients in PhenQ also help fat come out. So, your fat cells stop keeping new fat and let go of the old fat naturally. This helps see big results in weight loss and fat loss. This keeps you thin and fit for a long time.

Stops Cravings: PhenQ looks after your insulin making, stops insulin problems, and makes insulin work better. This naturally helps you feel full and stops sudden hunger and cravings caused by bad insulin making or problems. The formula makes you feel full and happy to keep you full all day.

Raises Energy: PhenQs special mix of natural ingredients can help make your energy levels very high naturally. The formula has ingredients that make your metabolism faster and better. They can naturally make fat turn into energy. PhenQ also makes thermogenesis very good to make the energy levels very high without doing anything else.

Balances Mood: PhenQs ALA and L-carnitine are mixed so well that they give you all the mental help and energy that you want. It also helps you stay focused and positive. When your moods are stable, there is a very low chance of you eating without thinking. This helps you make smart choices since your mood is stable and energy is high.

What is PhenQ Fat Burner?

PhenQ is a natural weight control formula that works on 5 key areas of fat loss. PhenQ has more than 190,000 happy and pleased customers who have lost weight, stopped their hunger, and fought tiredness.

This special and new formula is made with ingredients that are proven by science and tested in clinics. They are 100% safe for making your metabolism faster and speeding up weight loss in people.

PhenQ is the only weight loss formula that helps you lose weight and keep your weight low without having to give up your favorite foods and snacks.

The supplement gives a 5-times better, quicker, and longer-lasting weight loss. PhenQ weight loss pills help you lose weight in a way that you will never put on the lost weight again.

The makers of this formula have openly shared every ingredient in it to get 100% trust from the users.

PhenQ, unlike other weight loss supplements, does not need any doctors note either. It is so safe that any adult can use PhenQ without any side effects.

You can use it for as long as you want to keep losing weight. This vegetarian and vegan supplement can be one of the safest weight loss formulas that works for both men and women.

It has a special ingredient and other proven ingredients that make sure the best weight loss process.

What PhenQ Contains:

According to the label on PhenQ, each capsule has these ingredients:

Vitamin B3: This vitamin helps you stay energetic and avoid feeling tired at the end of the day. It also helps you lose weight by keeping your energy high and stopping you from feeling lazy.

Vitamin B6: This vitamin helps start the process of thermogenesis, which means making your body warmer naturally. This helps burn fat and speed up your metabolism. It also helps prevent insulin problems.

Vitamin B12: This vitamin helps your metabolism and energy levels. It does this by helping your body turn extra fat into energy sources so you can stay active and not feel hungry or low.

Iodine: Iodine helps balance the thyroid hormone, which controls how fast your metabolism is. This is very important for burning fat naturally. The iodine in PhenQ is very good at fixing hormonal issues.

Copper: Copper helps get rid of fat and remove it from the cells that store fat. It also helps clean these cells so they dont store fat again. Plus, this mineral helps change fat storage into energy storage in your cells.

Chromium: Chromium or Chromium Picolinate helps lower your desire for sugar and carbs, which can make you gain weight. These cravings can cause energy drops, mood changes, and insulin issues, but chromium helps with all of these naturally.

L-Carnitine L-Tartate: This mix helps your body use more calories and fat as fuel and energy. This means you wont feel tired and mentally drained all the time. It helps you stay lively and alert always.

InnoSlim (A special mix of Panax notoginseng extract and Astralagus membranaceous Extract): This mix can naturally clean your body of toxins and fat so you become thinner, healthier, and younger naturally.

Caffeine: It can make you less tired, boost your metabolism, and lower your cravings by making your body burn fat faster. This is called thermogenesis. It also helps you keep your energy high throughout the day.

Capsimax (Capsicum Annum): It helps improve your digestion and make thermogenesis better too. It helps your body burn fat naturally and lose weight in a lasting way. It also helps prevent digestive problems and their risks.

-Lacys Reset (A mix of Alpha Lipoic Acid and L-cysteine): It is said to be very useful in lowering the amount of fat in your body while keeping your muscles. It helps keep a healthy BMI ratio for your body type.

Nopal Cactus: It helps you feel satisfied even when you eat just enough food. It lowers fat buildup in the cells and makes fat burning and flushing better. This helps your body get a lot of energy from the deep fat.

Piperine: It is said to make various nutrients and antioxidants work better in your body to fight damage and stress in the fat cells. It also stops the cells from storing more fat and makes you less tired as well."

PhenQ is the only natural supplement that is thought to be the best way to lose weight. Since the supplement naturally fights cravings, slow metabolism and digestion, it can clean the system and make the burning process better.

By taking PhenQ every day, one can have the best overall health while they lose deep and hard body fat. One can keep muscles and have a better BMI naturally, too.

PhenQ Formula Summary

Lets look at the ingredients of PhenQ and how they help you lose weight, backed up by scientific research:

-Lacys Reset: This special formula mixes alpha-lipoic acid and cysteine to speed up metabolism and raise thermogenesis, helping in burning fat and stopping new fat cells from forming.

A study in the journal Obesity showed that -Lacys Reset lowered body weight and fat mass a lot in people compared to a fake group (Obesity, 2013).

Capsimax Powder (Capsicum, Piperine, Caffeine, and Niacin): Capsimax Powder uses the heat-making properties of capsaicin (from capsicum) and piperine (from black pepper) to boost metabolic rate and make fat burn faster. Caffeine gives you more energy, while niacin helps in breaking down nutrients.

Research in the journal Nutrients found that capsaicin raised energy use and made fat burn faster, leading to weight loss (Nutrients, 2017).

Chromium Picolinate: Chromium picolinate helps control blood sugar levels, lowering cravings for carbs and keeping energy levels steady.

A study in the International Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism said that chromium can make insulin work better and control blood sugar (International Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism, 2004).

PhenQ has these benefits:

It makes fat burning faster. It turns on fat-burning metabolism and makes digestion better. It heals and refreshes the cells naturally. It lowers hunger and cravings. It helps you feel full and satisfied all day long. It controls insulin sensitivity to prevent diabetes. It makes blood flow and circulation better. It makes you less tired and lazy. It increases energy levels naturally. It makes mood better and helps you stay happy. It helps thinking at any age. It makes calories burn quicker than normal. It doesnt need you to follow any diet or work out at any gym.

How Much PhenQ Should You Take?

PhenQ comes in the form of capsules that are easy to swallow and absorb. Each pack of PhenQ has 60 capsules.

You should take one capsule with breakfast and another with lunch every day. Do this for three to six months at the same time and see the weight loss results for yourself.

The supplement is said to do amazing things when taken at a regular time for a longer period.

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PhenQ has 75mg of caffeine in each serving, so it is not good to take more than the suggested amount. It is not for pregnant or breastfeeding women, children, and adults who are sensitive or allergic to caffeine.

It is for adults over the age of 18 only. If you have any past medical history or a current condition, it is best to talk to a doctor before using PhenQ.

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Caffeine: Caffeine is a natural substance that makes you more alert, focused, and energetic. It also speeds up metabolism and helps burn fat.

A study in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition said that caffeine can raise energy use and make heat, which can help in managing weight (American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1989).

Nopal Cactus: Nopal is full of dietary fiber, which makes you feel full, lowers appetite, and helps in digestion. It also helps keep blood sugar levels stable.

A study in the journal Plant Foods for Human Nutrition showed that nopal fiber made people feel more full and less hungry, which can help in weight management (Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 2014).

L-Carnitine Fumarate: L-Carnitine Furmarate helps turn stored fat into energy, helping in burning fat and possibly making you less tired when you exercise.

A study in the journal Obesity Research and Clinical Practice found that L-Carnitine lowered body weight and body fat percentage a lot in people who were overweight or obese (Obesity Research and Clinical Practice, 2016).

InnoSlim: InnoSlim is a mix of astragalus membranaceus and panax notoginseng. It helps control blood glucose levels and supports overall metabolic health.

A study in the journal PLOS ONE showed that InnoSlim helped improve how glucose is used and how insulin works, which are important factors in weight management (PLOS ONE, 2016).

B-Vitamins: B-vitamins, including B3 (niacin), B6 (pyridoxine), and B12 (cobalamin), play important roles in energy metabolism, helping the body use nutrients for energy production well.

Research in the Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition pointed out the importance of B-vitamins in energy metabolism, which can affect overall weight management (Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2012).

Iodine:

Iodine is needed for proper thyroid function, which controls metabolism. Enough iodine levels are important for keeping a healthy metabolic rate.

A study in the journal Clinical Endocrinology showed the big impact of iodine on thyroid function and metabolic rate (Clinical Endocrinology, 1998).

Side Effects of PhenQ Diet Pills.

There are no known side effects of PhenQ, but like any other supplement, there is a chance for side effects, though they are usually mild and rare.

Here are some of the possible side effects:

Digestive Problems: Some users may have mild stomach issues like nausea, stomach pain, or loose stools.

Recommendation: Take PhenQ with food and drink enough water to help reduce these effects.

Caffeine Issues: PhenQ has low caffeine but if you have caffeine issues, it may cause symptoms like nervousness, shaking, or fast heartbeat in those who are sensitive to stimulants.

Recommendation: If you have caffeine issues, think about cutting down your caffeine from other sources while using PhenQ.

Sleep Problems: The caffeine in PhenQ may make it hard to fall asleep or mess up your sleep cycle if taken too late in the day.

Recommendation: Take PhenQ earlier in the day to lessen its effect on sleep.

Allergic Reactions: While uncommon, some people may be allergic to certain ingredients in PhenQ, causing symptoms like rash, itching, or trouble breathing.

Recommendation: Stop using PhenQ right away and get medical help if you have any allergic reactions.

Interactions with Medications: PhenQ may not work well with some medications or health conditions. For example, caffeine may affect blood pressure medications.

Recommendation: Talk to a healthcare professional before starting PhenQ, especially if you have health problems or are taking other medications.

PhenQ Outcomes: Genuine PhenQ Feedback from Real PhenQ Users

If you want to know the truth about PhenQ, here are some of the Positive PhenQ Feedback from the real users of PhenQ:

Nicola shed 157 lbs in 10 Months But when my ex-partner said no other man would ever like my body, that was the moment I decided to change.

My mums friend suggested PhenQ to me as it helped her slim down.

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Ethan Suplee Weight Loss 2024: Before And After Weight Loss Today Then and Now, How did Ethan Suplee Lose ... - Deccan Herald

Amr Bo Shanab/Getty Images/fStop

Amr Bo Shanab/Getty Images/fStop

The headlines are compelling, with phrases like, "The Obesity Revolution," and "A new 'miracle' weight-loss drug really works." The before-and-after pictures are inspiring. People who have struggled for decades to shed pounds are finally finding an effective strategy.

The last few years saw breakthroughs in treatments for obesity, with new weight-loss medicines dominating recent news reports. The medicines, semaglutide (Ozempic, Wegovy) and tirzepatide (Mounjaro, Zepbound), work by slowing stomach-emptying and decreasing appetite. They're usually administered by weekly injection.

Clinical trials boasted success comparable to surgery. Celebrities like Oprah Winfrey shared encouraging personal stories.

The scientific literature behind the headlines is impressive as well. Those taking the medicines lose, on average, 10% to 20% of their body weight. Originally developed for Type 2 diabetes, the drugs are well known to improve control of blood sugar. In December, we also learned that in people with cardiovascular disease who are overweight or obese, semaglutide appears to reduce major adverse cardiac events by 20%.

For primary care doctors like me, who have counseled thousands of patients often unsuccessfully about their weight, this news is welcome. For many of those living with obesity, these medicines can feel like a game changer.

Excess body weight is tied to a range of medical problems, including diabetes, heart disease, osteoarthritis, sleep apnea and many types of cancer. It's linked to shorter life expectancy and higher rates of disability. With about 40% of U.S. adults now classified as obese and another 30% considered overweight many doctors and patients are embracing the new drugs as a solution.

Yet even as many may adopt the newest medications, we need to recognize and address their limitations, including a lack of long-term safety data and potential side effects like nausea, vomiting and, rarely, pancreatitis and gallbladder disease. Poison control centers are reporting an increase in calls due to medication overdoses, which can lead to low blood sugar and associated symptoms, like dizziness, irritability and in severe cases confusion and coma.

The high price of the weight-loss medicines usually over $1,000 per month for each patient is especially troubling in a nation that already far outspends the rest of the world in health care costs and faces major disparities in care. The cost concerns are amplified by studies showing that the drugs usually need to be taken long term to prevent weight regain.

"While these drugs are powerful and wonderful tools, they are not a panacea," said Jonathan Bonnet, a board-certified obesity, lifestyle, family and sports medicine physician who serves as program director of medical weight loss at the Palo Alto VA's Weight Management Center Clinical Resource Hub.

He is seeing positive results among his patients but recognizes cost as a significant barrier. "Treating everyone with obesity in the U.S. with medications will bankrupt the country and still not cultivate the type of health and vitality we actually want," he said.

More than half of employer insurance plans in the United States, as well as Medicare, don't cover the medicines for weight loss.

Medications also fail to address the root causes of the problem. Rates of obesity have increased substantially over the last few decades and have continued to climb since the COVID-19 pandemic. A Gallup survey released in December showed the obesity rate increased by 6 percentage points from 2019 to its current level of 38.4%. The prevalence of Type 2 diabetes a known consequence of obesity in many individuals increased from an estimated 10.3% of U.S. adults in the 2001-2004 time period to 13.2% in the 2017-2020 time period.

Our society's easy access to ultraprocessed, calorie-dense foods and our high levels of inactivity contribute to excessive weight gain and related health impacts. A health care system designed for "sick" care supported by a multibillion-dollar pharmaceutical industry that stands to benefit when we fall ill does not prioritize disease prevention.

And while we should embrace a culture of acceptance of all body types, we also can't ignore the fact that rising rates of obesity are part of a growing health crisis.

Enter lifestyle medicine. This burgeoning field focuses on prevention and treatment of chronic disease through adoption of healthy habits including a minimally processed diet rich in vegetables, fruits and whole grains; regular physical activity; restorative sleep; stress management; positive social connection; and avoidance of harmful substances.

Lifestyle medicine practitioners partner with patients to understand their core values and help them achieve goals whether it's to lose 20 pounds, control high blood pressure or boost mood and energy.

Lifestyle medicine is cheap and low risk. Its proven benefits extend far beyond weight loss and can be lifelong. Those who make positive lifestyle decisions, including exercising, eating well and not smoking, may reduce their incidence of coronary artery disease by over 80% and Type 2 diabetes by more than 90%. They take fewer medications. They live longer and experience improved mental health and lower rates of cancer, chronic disease and disability.

And a diet that emphasizes whole, plant-based foods is also better for our planet, reducing deforestation, air and water pollution and greenhouse gas emissions related to meat and dairy production.

Lifestyle medicine and the new weight-loss medications are not mutually exclusive. In fact, the package inserts explicitly state these drugs should be prescribed in combination with increased physical activity and a reduced-calorie diet.

Yet the lifestyle piece is usually glossed over. It's not a quick fix; it requires commitment and a reexamination of personal values. It encourages us to cut back on the ultraprocessed foods we like, high in added sugars and salt, that still raise the risk of heart disease, stroke and some cancers, even in those who aren't overweight.

According to the American Heart Association, fewer than 1% of U.S. adults and adolescents engage in all practices recommended to achieve ideal cardiovascular health, which include most tenets of lifestyle medicine.

New anti-obesity medicines are an important tool. But true health is not just about a number on the scale. Widespread adoption of the principles of lifestyle medicine would reduce health care costs, reverse recent declines in U.S. life expectancy and transform lives.

Because more than 82% of Americans see a health professional every year, incorporating lifestyle medicine into these visits is an obvious way to reach those who need support. But health care providers are often unprepared to offer the kind of intensive coaching that's required.

A 2017 survey indicated that 90% of cardiologists, for example, reported receiving minimal or no nutrition education during fellowship training.

Medical schools and residency programs need to teach the next generation of doctors to promote healthy behaviors and to implement those practices in their own lives.

Time is another constraint. In my years working in community clinics, I was routinely expected to see patients in 20-minute increments, leaving almost no opportunity to address lifestyle changes in a meaningful way. I might encourage patients with heart disease to eat more fruits and vegetables, but I didn't have time to understand the underpinnings of their dietary choices, often influenced by a complex combination of culture, finances and personal preferences.

Nor could I refer patients to supportive colleagues, such as dieticians, behavioral health counselors and health coaches my clinic didn't have them.

Doctors need time for difficult conversations to understand the drivers behind patient choices and what might motivate them to change. They need to be able to partner with other professionals who can offer support and expertise.

But even more important and more difficult is the need to adjust cultural norms and public policies to make it easier for individuals to adopt healthy behaviors.

For example, SNAP (Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program), formerly known as food stamps, should be reformed to reduce taxpayer-subsidized consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and ultraprocessed foods. Even small acts, like moving healthy foods to the front of the grocery store, can have an impact.

"Our environments are optimized for unhealthy living." Bonnet said. "Willpower will only get us so far." What we need, he told me, is to design communities that make healthy choices the default, less-expensive option.

Such communities would have more green space and walkable streets, easier access to fresh produce, plant-based entres in restaurants and increased opportunities for face-to-face social connections. By removing the reliance on willpower and financial resources to live well, we can reduce health disparities and improve quality of life for everyone.

This story comes from Public Health Watch, a nonprofit, nonpartisan investigative news organization that focuses on threats to America's well-being.

Lisa Doggett is a columnist for Public Health Watch, a family and lifestyle medicine physician at UT Health Austin's Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology Center and senior medical director of Sagility. She is the author of a new memoir, Up the Down Escalator: Medicine, Motherhood, and Multiple Sclerosis. The views expressed in her columns do not necessarily reflect the official policies or positions of Public Health Watch, UT Health or Sagility. Doggett can be reached through her website.

Original post:
Opinion: Weight-loss drugs like Ozempic can't fix America's obesity crisis alone : Shots - Health News - NPR

Perhaps you set yourself the New Years resolution to

This research, published in Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, has shown that people who continue to run are more likely to keep off the weight in later life. It compared the lean mass and fat mass of males aged 20-39 and 70-89, who were then further grouped as sprinters, endurance runners, strength athletes or fit, athletic individuals who did not necessary take part in competitive sports.

The results demonstrated that fat mass was significantly lower in sprint and endurance athletes compared to strength athletes across both age groups. In other words, consistent running helps to prevent weight or fat gain in subsequent years so, if you havent done so already, theres no better time to weave regular running into your routine.

'Our data clearly shows that lifelong running exercise, be it long distance or repeated short distance sprinting, maintains lower fat mass levels than a typical physically active lifestyle and also more than participating in competitive strength sports,' says Dr Simon Walker, a Docent in Exercise Physiology at the University of Jyvskyl who co-led the research. 'Absolutely, this result motivates me to continue running. I'd certainly be happy with a fat percentage of 16-18% when I'm in my 70s and 80s.'

On the flip side and perhaps unsurprisingly the same study found that the participants who engaged in long term strength training preserved more muscle mass than their sprinting or long distance-running counterparts. In fact, of those studied, weight-wielders in the older group even had a similar amount of muscle mass as the younger strength trainers.

As such, for maximum long term physical benefit, Walker suggests supplementing running activities with plenty of strength training sessions. 'In terms of enhancing body composition through both heightened muscle mass and maintenance of a non-health affecting fat mass, it seems that a combined approach is recommendable,' he says.

Whether you prefer to do bodyweight exercises at home or strength-based work at the gym, regular resistance training of this kind can greatly improve both your current running performance and the overall shape and wellness of your body in later years.

While this new study considered only males, Walker believes that similar results would be shown for females, too, especially considering age-related effects such as the menopause. He believes that the most important finding from this research is that exercising now will do wonders for your future self, no matter what your gender.

'The key is perhaps to prevent a rise in fat mass or loss in muscle mass in the first place and maintain exercise throughout the lifespan,' he says. 'Thus, lifelong engagement in regular exercise does help to maintain a healthy body composition. That is no myth.'

If you want to lose a bit of weight or simply safeguard a lean, strong body, you can be assured that running will stimulate good health for the long haul. As per the findings of this study, running is as beneficial for your future physiological state as it is for your present one so keep going.

Read this article:
Run to reduce long term fat gain - Runner's World UK

While rapid weight-loss with bariatric surgery or drugs might temporarily worsen diabetic retinopathy as blood sugar levels are rapidly corrected, the low overall risk likely doesn't outweigh the benefits of weight loss, according to a review.

Altogether, the studies are conflicting and the evidence insufficient, Basil K. Williams Jr., MD, of the University of Miami, and colleagues concluded in Current Opinion in Ophthalmology.

For example, in a 1998 randomized study, diabetic retinopathy worsened at 6 months in 3.5% (25 of 711) of patients treated with intensive insulin therapy compared with 1.2% (nine of 728) of those on conventional insulin therapy (OR 2.98, P=0.006). At 4-year follow-up, though, retinopathy wasn't worse than at baseline in either group.

But a 2020 multicenter case-control study of 3,145 patients with type 2 diabetes found no link between the use of GLP-1 agonists -- a category that includes semaglutide (Ozempic, or Wegovy for weight loss) -- and worsening diabetic retinopathy (P=0.47).

"The goals for diabetic retinopathy treatment are to get blood sugars, blood pressure, and weight under control. This is by far the most important thing to do for the long term, so whatever approach is right for the patient is going to be the ideal treatment," Williams told MedPage Today. "However, it is really important to have a conversation with the patient upfront to let them know that this may worsen retinopathy temporarily. But in the long run, it's going to be beneficial for them."

According to the review, an estimated 9.6 million people in the U.S. have diabetic retinopathy, including about one-quarter of patients with diabetes mellitus.

Clinicians have long suspected that rapidly improving blood sugar can make eye health worse. Back in 1998, the insulin therapy study noted that "there have been many reports of the curious, unanticipated, and seemingly paradoxical worsening of diabetic retinopathy after rapid improvement of blood glucose control."

For the new review, researchers wanted to better understand the effect of rapid weight loss and improvement of HbA1c in light of the new generation of GLP-1 agonists, Williams said.

Some research did show that "when you get the diabetes controlled very, very rapidly, you can get some transient worsening of the diabetic retinopathy that improves over time," he said.

The mechanism appeared to be related to changes in osmotic pressure in the vessels in the vascular system, he said. As blood sugar control improves, "the pressure gradient between inside the vessels and outside the vessels is different. There are more proteins now outside the vessels, and that pulls more fluid outside the vessels. That causes a little bit of additional leakage."

This change stabilizes over time, he said. The review suggested that a sudden 2% or greater drop in HbA1c could impact retinopathy progression for 6 to 12 months. "Then things would be improving from there," Williams noted.

Moving forward, Williams predicted that the new generation of weight-loss drugs "will be really valuable and decrease the long-term implications of diabetic retinopathy on our population. But we do have to consider that there's a small percentage of people who will have some transient worsening. Navigating those small negatives with the overall greater benefit is something we're going to have to deal with more and more."

For now, the review authors recommended that patients undergo a baseline retinal examination before intensive glycemic control that leads to a rapid decrease in weight, followed by continued monitoring.

The review authors examined studies into tight insulin control, bariatric surgery, and GLP-1 agonists. They highlighted a 2022 systematic review and meta-analysis that found that four major randomized controlled trials linked GLP-1 agonists to rapidly worsening diabetic retinopathy but also to cardiovascular benefits.

Also, a 2016 study of semaglutide linked the drug to a higher risk of retinopathy complications (HR 1.76, 95% CI 1.11-2.78, P=0.02), although the numbers of patients affected were small (3% [50 of 1,648] with semaglutide vs 1.8% [146 of 1,649] with placebo).

The review did not include a matched cohort study presented last year at the annual meeting of the American Society of Retina Specialists. Ehsan Rahimi, MD, of Stanford University in California, reported that treatment with GLP-1 agonists almost doubled the likelihood of progression from nonproliferative to proliferative diabetic retinopathy after 3 years (RR 1.585, 95% CI 1.337-1.881, P<0.0001). The drugs were also linked to significantly higher rates of progression to diabetic macular edema.

"We see these patients in our clinics all the time," Rahimi said at the 2023 conference. "They go on these medicines, and their HbA1c crashes, goes down very quickly. That rapid reduction is thought to play some role. But if you look at the basic science literature, it's suggested that there are direct effects of these medications on the retina. That being said, it's also been suggested that there may be a protective effect on the retina. We're getting a lot of mixed signals."

Randy Dotinga is a freelance medical and science journalist based in San Diego.

Disclosures

Williams disclosed no conflicts of interest. One co-author disclosed consulting for Alcon, Alimera, Allergan, Apellis, DORC, Genentech, Iveric, OcuTerra, Regeneron, and Samsara.

Primary Source

Current Opinion in Ophthalmology

Source Reference: Williams BK, et al "Weight loss, bariatric surgery, and novel antidiabetic drugs effects on diabetic retinopathy: a review" Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2024; DOI: 10.1097/ICU.0000000000001038.

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Rapid Weight Loss a Diabetic Retinopathy Risk? - Medpage Today

No matter how much work you do to unlearn diet cultures brainwashing or feel comfortable in your skin, there are going to be days when you feel bad about your body. Think about it: We live in a society that constantly tells us smaller is better, and that getting as close as possible to the thin ideal will earn you love, acceptance, and dignified treatment.

Humans are deeply relational and need to feel a secure sense of belonging, Amber Stevens, PsyD, clinical director of Galia Collaborative in Cincinnati, Ohio, tells SELF. The constant pursuit of shrinking our bodies through dieting has historically been one of the more effective ways to reduce the threat of judgment from others.

But the reality is that dieting rarely leads to long-term weight loss (in fact, it tends to cause weight gain, research shows). In my experience as a dietitian who helps people recover from eating disorders, Ive seen firsthand how food restriction tends to do far more harm than good. Ive also seen how easy it is for folks to fall for the big promises of every new weight-loss fad and dive in headfirst, forgetting about all the ways diets have failed (and hurt) them in the pastor believing that this time will be different.

Thats where a little self-reflection can help: Remembering your past experiences is a powerful tool for resisting the (understandable) temptation to follow food rulesand working toward the food and body peace you deserve. The next time youre feeling like crap about your body and thinking a diet might be the answer, try the exercise below to see the full picture of how this same scenario has played out in the past.

Reflect on your previous experiences with diets to remind yourself that they ultimately didnt deliver on their promises. Maybe you went on a low-carb plan that left you dreaming of baguettes every nightand eventually binging on chocolate chip cookies every weekend. Maybe you had some success with calorie counting for a couple of months several years ago, only to find yourself obsessed with your tracking app, turning down dinner invitations with friends, and back at your starting weight a few months later.

The more we look at the evidence that diets have failed us, the more we can come to terms with the fact that theyre a money-making ruse, Dr. Stevens says. We have been sold a bill of lies that eventually dieting will work, and that if it doesnt result in permanent weight loss, its our fault rather than the fact diets are designed to fail. The shame that this creates can be incredibly difficult to climb out of. Use your list of the ways diets have failed you as proof that theyre to blame, not you.

Equally important is thinking about all the things you could gain from unlearning diet cultures BS, which can be hard to imagine if youve never actually given yourself a chance to experience them. So heres another quick exercise to try:

Think about what youd do differently in your day-to-day life if you werent worried about what would (or wouldnt) happen to your body as a result. If people have spent countless hours trying to adhere to strict eating or exercise rules, they realize they have a lot more free time when they give these things up, Abby Chan, RD, co-owner of Evolve Flagstaff in Flagstaff, Arizona tells SELF.

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Try This 5-Minute Mental Exercise the Next Time You Feel Crappy About Your Body - Self

Gastric bypass surgery in people with severe obesity was associated with sustained improvements in cognitive function, inflammation, and comorbidities, according to results of a cohort study in the Netherlands.

At 2 years post-surgery, neuropsychological tests showed improvements of 20% or higher in global cognition (43% of patients), ability to shift attention (40%), episodic memory (32%), verbal fluency (24%), and working memory (11%), reported Amanda J. Kiliaan, PhD, of Radboud University Medical Center in Nijmegen, the Netherlands, and colleagues.

"Lower inflammation and adipokine secretion, remission of comorbidities, higher physical activity, and better mood" may have played a role in the sustained improvement in global cognition for that subset of patients, the researchers suggested in JAMA Network Open.

Compared with baseline, improvements at 2 years post-surgery were noted for inflammation, as indicated by decreases in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (4.77 vs 0.80 g/mL, P<0.001).

Furthermore, patients were less likely to use antihypertensives at this point (36.1% vs 16.7% at baseline), had a reduction in depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory scores of 9.0 vs 3.0, P<0.001), and increased their physical activity (mean Baecke score of 7.64 to 8.19, P<0.001).

Previous studies have linked bariatric surgery-induced weight loss with improved brain function and structure, Kiliaan and co-authors noted in their study introduction.

"However, results are contradictory, underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown, and it is uncertain whether outcomes are long-lasting," they wrote. "Imbalance of adipokines and proinflammatory cytokines may be involved, as they impair CBF [cerebral blood flow] and therewith cause neurodegeneration, which may be reversible after bariatric surgery."

The researchers considered the stabilization of cerebral structures and functions the most noteworthy finding of their study.

"Despite the lower CBF in several regions, volumes of hippocampus, nucleus accumbens, frontal cortex, white matter, and white matter hyperintensities remained stable after surgery," they wrote. "Notably, the temporal cortex exhibited not only higher cortical thickness but also higher vascular efficiency after surgery, as indicated by a lower sCOV [spatial coefficient of variation]. These results highlight beneficial vascular responses occurring in conjunction with bariatric surgery. Accordingly, nucleus accumbens and parietal cortex demonstrated stable CBF and cerebrovascular efficiency."

Using data from the Bariatric Surgery Rijnstate and Radboudumc Neuroimaging and Cognition in Obesity study, Kiliaan and colleagues analyzed outcomes of 133 patients eligible for Roux-en-Y gastric bypass from September 2018 to December 2020.

Patients were ages 35 to 55 years (mean 47), with a body mass index (BMI) over 40, or a BMI over 35 with comorbidities. Most patients in the cohort (84%) were women.

Endpoints were assessed at baseline (before bariatric surgery), and at 6 months and 2 years after surgery. Kiliaan and co-authors calculated the 20% change index -- an indication of clinically meaningful and significant cognitive improvement -- at 2 years after surgery to exclude practice effects.

Patients' body weight, BMI, waist circumference, and blood pressure were all significantly lower both at 6 months and 2 years after bariatric surgery. Meanwhile, the percentage of total body weight-loss increased from a mean 27% at 6 months to 34% at 2 years (P<0.001).

At 2 years after surgery, the proportion of patients with Beck Depression Inventory scores showing mild or moderate depressive symptoms at baseline declined from 42.3% to 9.4%, and from 3.1% to 1.6%, respectively.

The group noted that the high mean baseline score of 27 on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and other neuropsychological assessments suggested that "obesity did not impair cognitive performance in clinical sense."

Regarding the mechanism behind the observed cognitive improvements during the study, "stabilization of volume, CBF, and sCOV in brain regions, together with larger cortical thickness and higher vascular efficiency in the temporal cortex, might be involved," Kiliaan and colleagues suggested.

Limitations acknowledged by the authors included the lack of a control group, an unequal sex distribution (although representative of the general bariatric surgery population), and failure to include cortical surface and curvature parameters, which they noted "could improve our understanding of change in cortical volume and thickness after bariatric surgery."

Kate Kneisel is a freelance medical journalist based in Belleville, Ontario.

Disclosures

The study funded by a grant from the Rijnstate-Radboudumc Promotion Fund and others.

Kiliaan reported no disclosures. Co-authors reported relationships with Dutch Top Sector Life Sciences and Health and the GLoBAL-1 consortium (Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research TNO, Radboud University Medical Center, Rijnstate Hospital, and Nordic Bioscience), among others.

Primary Source

JAMA Network Open

Source Reference: Custers E, et al "Long-term brain structure and cognition following bariatric surgery" JAMA Netw Open 2024; DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.55380.

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Bariatric Surgery Tied to Long-Term Cognitive Benefits - Medpage Today

Diabetic retinopathy, a common complication of diabetes, has long been a subject of study in medical research. Recent studies have focused on the possible impacts of rapid weight loss and glycemic control on this condition. However, these studies present conflicting evidence, leading to insufficient conclusions. In some cases, rapid blood sugar correction has been linked to a temporary worsening of retinopathy, while other studies indicate no connection between weight loss drugs and the condition.

Despite the potential temporary worsening of retinopathy, the long-term benefits of weight loss and glycemic control cannot be overstated. An 18-month longitudinal study found that rapid weight loss can lead to a significant reduction in the risk of developing diabetic retinopathy, especially in patients with poorly controlled diabetes. This highlights the importance of weight management in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Another critical aspect of managing this condition is glycemic control. It has been proven to reduce microvascular and macrovascular complications. Different organizations recommend varying HbA1c targets, but the underlying theme is the necessity of maintaining controlled blood sugar levels. This can be achieved through a combination of lifestyle modifications and the use of glucose-lowering pharmacotherapy.

GLP-1 agonists have emerged as a crucial tool in the battle against diabetes and its complications. Some studies have shown cardiovascular benefits associated with these drugs. However, theres also a link to retinopathy complications. In particular, semaglutide has been associated with worsening diabetic retinopathy.

Weight loss drugs, on the other hand, have been shown to have no direct link to retinopathy. The new generation of weight-loss drugs is anticipated to be valuable in decreasing the long-term implications of diabetic retinopathy. This does not negate the need for caution, however. Baseline retinal examinations and continued monitoring are recommended for patients undergoing rapid weight loss and glycemic control.

Brittle diabetes, a particularly difficult form of the disease to manage, can cause severe swings in blood sugar levels. This can lead to hospitalizations and an increased risk of complications. Treatment depends on the underlying cause and may require certain tests. In severe cases, a pancreas transplant may be an option. Regular healthcare provider visits are important to manage brittle diabetes, and with proper treatment and support, many cases are manageable.

In conclusion, while there is conflicting evidence about the impact of rapid weight loss and glycemic control on diabetic retinopathy, the long-term benefits are undeniable. The medical community continues to explore the balance between managing diabetes and its complications, with a focus on overall patient health and quality of life. The emergence of new weight-loss drugs and treatments offers hope for the future, but careful monitoring and management remain essential.

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The Impact of Weight Loss and Glycemic Control on Diabetic Retinopathy - Medriva

When youre on a

As the name suggests, a 1,200-calorie diet is a type of low-calorie diet plan that restricts daily caloric intake to approximately 1,200 calories a day, says Diala Alatassi, MD, a board-certified internal and obesity medicine physician at Endeavor Health Medical Group. The goal of a 1,200-calorie diet is to create a calorie deficit, which can, in theory, lead to weight loss.

That said, 1,200 calories a day is generally not enough to support your overall health, especially if you include any sort of exercise into your lifestyle, says Alex Larson, RD, a registered dietitian and founder of Alex Larson Nutrition. We'll get into why in just a sec.

Meet the experts: Diala Alatassi, MD, is a board-certified internal and obesity medicine physician at Endeavor Health Medical Group. Alex Larson, RD, is a registered dietitian and founder of Alex Larson Nutrition. Kim Shapira, RD, is a registered dietitian and founder of the Kim Shapira Method.

Curious how many calories you really need in a day? Keep scrolling for everything you need to know about calculating your caloric needs and how to create a balanced, weight loss-friendly meal.

In most cases, no. Prolonged calorie restriction can actually slow metabolism because your body senses that food is scarce and lowers the rate in which it burns existing calories, says Dr. Alatassi. And while you may initially lose weight from a 1,200-calorie diet, transitioning out of this eating plan can lead to rebound weight gain, she explains.

Plus, excessive calorie restriction can lead to bone and muscle loss, brain fog, constipation, dizziness, fatigue, headaches, hormone imbalances, and poor immune function. Read: It throws off your whole bod.

As a result, if youre going to try a 1,200-calorie diet, you *need* to talk with your healthcare provider first, says Dr. Alatassi. Why? Its generally not sustainable for long-term health for the average person and you may run the risk of nutritional deficiencies, she explains. Consulting with a registered dietitian or healthcare professional is crucial to assess individual needs, monitor risks, and ensure the diet is safe and appropriate while prioritizing overall health and well-being.

The number of calories you need in a day depends on your age, sex, weight, activity level, overall health, and basal metabolic rate (BMR), says Dr. Alatassi. FYI: Your BMR is the number of calories you need to maintain basic physiological functions like thinking, going to the bathroom, and taking deep breaths.

On average, a typical adult woman needs about 1,800 calories a day, says Kim Shapira, RD, a registered dietitian and founder of the Kim Shapira Method. Consuming less than that can lead to nutritional deficiencies, a lack of energy, gastrointestinal distress, anxiety, and reduced cognitive function, she adds.

Its always best to consult a physician or dietitian to determine your exact caloric needs, but two nifty formulasknown as the Mifflin-St. Jeor or Harris-Benedict equationscan provide a rough estimate. If your goal is to lose weight, you then subtract around 500 calories per day to theoretically lose one pound per week, adds Larson.

The most popular formula is the Mifflin-St. Jeor equation which calculates your BMR.

For women, the Mifflin-St. Jeor equation is:

BMR = (10 x weight in kg) + (6.25 x height in cm) (5 x age in years) 161.

So, for a 25-year-old woman who is 54 and weighs 150 pounds, this would be: BMR= (10 x 68) + (6.25 x 163) (5 x 25) 161 = about 1,413 calories.

The Harris-Benedict equation is also used for estimating your caloric needs, and may even be more accurate than the Mifflin-St. Jeor method.

For women, the Harris-Benedict equation is:

BMR = 655.1 + (9.563 x weight in kg ) + (1.850 x height in cm) (4.676 x age in years).

For the same 150-pound woman, this would be: BMR= 655.1 + (9.563 x 68) + (1.850 x 163) (4.676 x 25) = about 1,490 calories.

With that in mind, just remember that any equation is meant to provide a ~loose~ estimate on your caloric needs and is not a hard-and-fast rule. In fact, your results may be slightly different depending on which formula you use, as seen above.

Your caloric needs may also change from one day to the next based on your activity, stress, and overall health, says Shapira. Listening to your body and adjusting your intake accordingly will help with long-term weight loss and management, she explains.

Once you determine your caloric needs, the following tips can help you craft a healthy, weight loss-friendly meal.

Eating high-protein foods can help support muscle maintenance, enhances satiety, and aids in weight loss, so incorporate lean protein like fish, poultry, beans, legumes, tofu, or soy into every meal, says Dr. Alatassi.

Aim to fill up half your plate with fruits and vegetables, says Larson. They are filling to eat, lower in calories, and high in micronutrients such as vitamins, minerals, and fiber, she explains.

Opt for healthy fats such as olive, grapeseed, avocado, or sunflower oil when cooking, says Larson. Not only can healthy fats lower the risk of developing heart disease, but research out of UCLA Health suggests they can also improve cholesterol levels, control blood sugar, and reduce inflammation.

When choosing carbohydrates, Larson recommends looking for whole-grain complex carbs such as quinoa, brown rice, and whole-grain pasta or breads. Theyre more filling since they take longer to digest, are high in fiber, and less likely to cause spikes in your blood sugar.

Base your meals on whole, minimally processed foods, says Dr. Alatassi. Think: lean protein, fruits, veggies, beans, nuts, and legumes. These foods provide essential nutrients and contribute to a feeling of fullness, ultimately supporting weight loss, she adds.

Its easier said than done, but Dr. Alatassi recommends listening to your body's hunger and fullness cues to avoid overeating and choose nutrient-dense options to maximize essential nutrients without excess calories. Using smaller plates can also help manage portion size, she adds.

Practice mindful eating by savoring flavors and chewing slowly, says Dr. Alatassi. Its also best to avoid distractions during meals, like watching TV or scrolling TikTok, as this enhances awareness of satiety signals and prevents overeating, she explains.

Youve likely heard it before, but its crucial to drink at least eight cups of water every day, says Shapira. We need to hydrate to help our cells detox, and water is the secret sauce, she explains. And no, coffee doesnt count! Whenever possible, choose water as your primary bev.

Weight loss does not need to be rooted in restriction. Eat what you love when you are hungry, says Shapira. This can help move away from the notion that foods are either good or bad and sets you up for a long-term healthy lifestyle, she adds.

Ultimately, the 1,200-calorie diet may not be the most sustainable weight loss approach since 1,200 calories is too few for most people. Enjoying nourishing, well-balanced meals is likely more helpfulbut always consult your healthcare provider or a dietitian to determine what's best for you and your body.

Andi Breitowich is a Chicago-based writer and graduate student at Northwestern Medill. Shes a mass consumer of social media and cares about womens rights, holistic wellness, and non-stigmatizing reproductive care. As a former collegiate pole vaulter, she has a love for all things fitness and is currently obsessed with Peloton Tread workouts and hot yoga.

Diala Alatassi, MD,is a board-certified internal and obesity medicine physician atEndeavor Health Medical Groupwith a specialty in diabetes,cholesterol management,high blood pressure, and obesity medicine.

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The 1200-Calorie Diet Plan: Definition, Safety, Meal Ideas - Women's Health

A New Era of Weight Loss Medication

The landscape of weight loss treatments has seen remarkable innovations in recent years. New weight loss drugs such as Wegovy, Zepbound, Ozempic, and Mounjaro, which work by mimicking the hormone glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), have been approved to treat obesity and type 2 diabetes. These drugs are game changers, helping to decrease appetite, slow down the movement of food through the gut, and prompt the body to release more insulin. Notably, these drugs are specifically indicated for people diagnosed with obesity or type 2 diabetes. They have been effective in helping many people lose weight, with an average weight loss close to 15% for semaglutide and up to 21% for tirzepatide. While these drugs have a relatively long track record for safety, they also come with side effects like nausea, constipation, and acid reflux. Thus, their usage must be carefully monitored.

Interestingly, these new weight loss medications have also been found to significantly lower systolic blood pressure in adults with obesity. For instance, the medication tirzepatide, which mimics two metabolic hormones in the body, has shown to regulate blood sugar levels, slow down digestion, and reduce appetite. In the SURMOUNT 1 weight loss study, significant reductions in systolic blood pressure were observed across different participant subgroups. This reduction in blood pressure was found to rival that of many hypertension medications. However, there are limitations to these studies, and further research is needed to determine the long-term impact on cardiovascular events and the effects of discontinuing the medication.

In two other studies, significant reductions in blood pressure were noted in adults who underwent certain weight loss treatments. One study highlighted the effect of weekly injections of the drug tirzepatide, while the other contrasted the outcomes of participants who underwent bariatric surgery with those who only took hypertension medications. Tirzepatide was shown to significantly lower blood pressure in adults with overweight or obesity who took it for nine months. Furthermore, more than 80% of those who had bariatic surgery were able to reduce the number of blood pressure medications they were taking compared to 14% of those who were only on medications, and almost 50% achieved hypertension remission.

Despite the promising results, questions remain about the long-term impact of these GLP-1 drugs on cardiovascular events and whether the improvements in blood pressure will remain if people stop taking the drug. More studies are needed to provide these answers. Additionally, there are concerns about whether these findings will lead to increased insurance coverage for weight loss drugs like Zepbound and Wegovy. Nonetheless, these new drugs have already made a significant impact on the management of obesity and type 2 diabetes, and their potential blood pressure-lowering effects add another arrow to the quiver in the fight against these widespread health issues. However, experts underline that while these drugs can be beneficial, they should not replace a balanced diet and regular exercise in the pursuit of weight loss and improved health.

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Understanding the Role of New Weight Loss Drugs in Managing Obesity and Blood Pressure - Medriva

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