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Sophia Antipolis, 21 April 2023: A high-quality diet that minimises red meat and processed foods is linked with lower risks of heart attack and stroke in patients with cardiovascular disease, according to a study published today in the European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, a journal of the ESC.1

One of the most common questions physicians receive from patients with cardiovascular disease is what should I eat to improve my health, said study author Professor Sonia Anand of McMaster University and the Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada. This study in more than 27,000 patients with cardiovascular disease indicates that a high-quality diet emphasising whole foods and minimising packaged and processed foods reduces the likelihood of having a heart attack or stroke.

The study focused on patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and peripheral artery disease (PAD), who are both at high risk of heart attack and stroke. CAD refers to a narrowing of the arteries supplying blood to the heart while in PAD, arteries in the legs are clogged.PAD is also the leading cause of lower limb amputation. This was the largest study of diet in patients with PAD.

This analysis examined whether diet quality was associated with the incidence of cardiovascular and limb events. Cardiovascular events included cardiovascular death, heart attack and stroke. Limb events included the need for stenting or bypass surgery (to open up a clogged artery in the legs) or amputation. The study included 26,539 patients with CAD and/or PAD from 33 countries in North America, South America, Eastern and Western Europe, Australia and Asia who were enrolled in the COMPASS trial.2 Of those, 24,119 had CAD and 7,163 had PAD (some patients had both conditions). The average age was 68 years and 78% were men.

Diet was assessed at baseline with a food frequency questionnaire containing all major food groups (dairy, unprocessed and processed red meat, poultry, fish, eggs, whole and refined grains, nuts, fruits, vegetables and soft drinks). Data from the questionnaire was used to rate diet quality according to the Alternate Healthy Eating Index (0 to 70) and the Mediterranean diet score (0 to 8), which were both modified according to the information available in the questionnaire. Higher scores indicated a better quality diet. The primary composite outcome was cardiovascular and limb events.

During 30 months of follow up, a total of 1,391 events occurred, of which 1,262 were cardiovascular events and 140 were limb events (some patients had both). The researchers analysed the association between diet quality and adverse events after adjusting for factors that could influence the relationship including age, sex, country, education level, treatments and medications, body mass index, smoking and other conditions such as diabetes, high blood pressure and heart failure.

Taking the modified Alternate Healthy Eating Index first, the average score was 23. The incidence of recurrent clinical cardiovascular outcomes was highest in patients with a poor diet quality. Each 5-point reduction in the index was associated with a 7% increase in cardiovascular and limb events. When patients were divided into four groups according to their score, those in the lowest quartile had a 27% increased risk of cardiovascular and limb events compared to patients in the highest quartile. This increased risk was primarily driven by cardiovascular events in those with low diet quality.

Study author Dr. Darryl Wan of McMaster University, Hamilton and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada said: Even after adjusting for factors that might affect the association, patients with the worst quality diet had a 27% higher likelihood of vascular complications compared to those with the best quality diet. This excess in risk seems to be mainly due to a higher rate of heart attacks, strokes and cardiovascular deaths regardless of whether patients had heart disease or blockages in the arteries outside of the heart.

The median modified Mediterranean diet score was 3.71. Patients with the lowest scores had a numerically higher incidence of cardiovascular and limb events compared to those with the highest scores, but the difference was not statistically significant. The Mediterranean diet is known to be protective against heart disease and our results trended towards this benefit but did not meet statistical significance, said Dr. Wan. This may be because our questionnaire did not contain all of the foods that characterise a Mediterranean diet, thus we had to use a modified score.

Dietary recommendations have challenges as many foods are not applicable across ethnic groups, countries of origin, and availability of resources, states the paper. However, our study indicates that the emphasis should be shifted to improving overall dietary quality rather than specific food types by suggesting greater consumption of fruits, vegetables, nuts, higher fibre foods, choosing white over red meat, and consumption of minimally processed foods. This may improve the applicability to a larger general population with a variety of cultural backgrounds and simplify advice to patients.

Professor Anand concluded: Until now, our lifestyle advice to patients with PAD was to walk more and quit smoking. The results of this study enable us to add guidance on which foods to eat and which foods to avoid, which also applies to the many patients around the world with coronary disease.

ENDS

Originally posted here:
Plant-based diet associated with health benefits in heart patients - European Society of Cardiology

Put aside for a moment all that nutritional advice about eating fruits and vegetables, whole grains and lean proteins. Could one key to good health actually be a diet rich in ice cream?

Thats the tantalizing question raised by a new story in the Atlantic, which states, Studies show a mysterious health benefit to ice cream. Scientists dont want to talk about it.

The story, which seems destined to create controversy, is a deep dive into how nutritional science works for better and for worse. It begins by looking at Harvard research from 2018 showing that diabetics who consumed half a cup of ice cream a day had a lower risk of heart disease. And it notes that other studies had drawn similar conclusions.

As David Merritt Johns, author of the story, dug into the issue, he found himself more fascinated and more puzzled by the idea of ice cream being good for you. Am I high on my own ice-cream supply? he writes.

But as Johns told MarketWatch, he wasnt really interested in making a judgment about ice cream. Rather, he was trying to gain a better understanding of the research process itself, and how conclusions are drawn correctly or not.

Nutritionists whom MarketWatch spoke with didnt think there was much merit to the idea of ice cream becoming a requisite part of our diet for healths sake.

Nah, I just wont do that, says Stefanie Sacks, a nutritionist and chef and author of What the Fork Are You Eating?

Sacks says you can certainly enjoy ice cream in moderation I do not believe in deprivation but with an understanding of its place within a balanced diet. And even then she says you should be eating ice cream that doesnt have any junk in it meaning no food additives or chemicals and no toppings or mix-ins (think plain vanilla or chocolate, not a hot-fudge sundae).

As Johns pored over study after study touching upon consumption of ice cream, or dairy products in general, though, he found reasons that researchers might find evidence to support consuming the frozen sweet stuff for health reasons.

In general, research has shown the importance of dairy foods in a diet, though theres the question as to which foods provide true benefit, Johns notes in the story. Yogurt has been cited as a particularly good option: One study found that consuming roughly a third of a cup a day reduced the risk of getting diabetes by 14%.

But theres a case to be made for ice cream, which remains a favorite treat in the U.S. The average American devours 23 pounds of ice cream and related frozen desserts annually, according to the International Dairy Foods Association.

As Johns writes, ice creams glycemic index, a measure of how rapidly a food boosts blood sugar, is lower than that of brown rice. He goes on to point to a researchers observation that its very possible that if somebody eats ice cream and eats less starch it could actually protect against diabetes.

Indeed, that researcher was with Tufts Universitys Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, the same institution behind Food Compass, billed as a new nutrient profiling system designed to help consumers, food companies, restaurants, and cafeterias choose and produce healthier foods.

Read more: Looking to lose weight in 2023? The choice between a bag of Fritos and a multigrain bagel might not be as simple as youd think.

The compass rates foods on a 1-to-100 scale, with 1 being the least healthy and 100 being the most healthy. And while a helping of chocolate ice cream with nuts served in a cone has a grade of 37 not exactly a huge thumbs-up that still puts it ahead of a serving of Kelloggs K Corn Flakes (19 points) and a multigrain bagel with raisins (19), both starchy foods that some might have thought of as healthier.

Of course, the case for ice cream cant be made without a few doubt-raising asterisks. Indeed, researchers have questioned the nature of their own findings, which were often part of larger dietary studies meaning the focus wasnt on ice cream, per se.

In the article, Johns points to one factor that could be skewing the data: Its possible that some people involved in a dietary study have health issues, and so they decide to cut back on ice cream as a result. That would mean the people in the study who were eating ice cream were healthier by nature. So in effect, the ice cream wasnt necessarily causing them to be healthy, even though the data make the link between ice cream and healthy people.

Nutritionists contacted by MarketWatch say that to convince them of ice creams health benefits, there would need to be a very controlled study that looked at ice-cream consumption pretty much by itself and didnt mix in other foods or variables.

Dawn Jackson Blatner, a nutritionist and author of The Flexitarian Diet and The Superfood Swap, says she understands the temptation to buy into the idea of ice cream as a miracle food. But she cautions that almost nothing we eat is going to fit that bill.

The moral of the story is that no one food is going to be our biggest savior or biggest downfall, she says.

As for Johns, he agrees that it will take a more controlled study to offer a surer verdict about the benefits of ice cream. In the meanwhile, he still likes his ice cream, he says, and working on the Atlantic story hasnt changed his consumption habits one way or the other.

I ate a certain amount before, and Ive continued on that path, he told MarketWatch.

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Should we all be switching to the ice cream diet? Here's the scoop. - MarketWatch

Caloric restriction has been shown to slow aging in a groundbreaking study, with effects similar to smoking cessation interventions. The CALERIE trial found a 2-3% slowing in aging pace in healthy adults, suggesting that slowing human aging may be possible through interventions like intermittent fasting or time-restricted eating.

Calorie restriction, a proven intervention to slow aging in animals, showed evidence of slowing the pace of biological aging in a human randomized trial.

In a first-of-its-kind randomized controlled trial, an international team of researchers led by the Columbia Aging Center at Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health shows that caloric restriction can slow the pace of aging in healthy adults. The CALERIE intervention slowed the pace of aging measured from participants blood DNA methylation using the algorithm DunedinPACE (Pace of Aging, Computed from the Epigenome). The intervention effect on DunedinPACE represented a 2-3 percent slowing in the pace of aging, which in other studies translates to a 10-15 percent reduction in mortality risk, an effect similar to a smoking cessation intervention. The results were recently published in the journal Nature Aging.

In worms, flies, and mice, calorie restriction can slow biological processes of aging and extend healthy lifespan, says senior author Daniel Belsky, PhD, associate professor of epidemiology at Columbia Mailman School and a scientist with Columbias Butler Aging Center. Our study aimed to test if calorie restriction also slows biological aging in humans.

The CALERIE Phase-2 randomized controlled trial, funded by the U.S. National Institute on Aging, part of the National Institutes of Health, is the first-ever investigation of the effects of long-term calorie restriction in healthy, non-obese humans. The trial randomized 220 healthy men and women at three sites in the U. S. to a 25 percent calorie-restriction or normal diet for two years.CALERIE is an acronym for Comprehensive Assessment of Long-Term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy.

To measure biological aging in CALERIE Trial participants, Belskys team analyzed blood samples collected from trial participants at pre-intervention baseline and after 12- and 24-months of follow-up. Humans live a long time, explained Belsky, so it isnt practical to follow them until we see differences in aging-related disease or survival. Instead, we rely on biomarkers developed to measure the pace and progress of biological aging over the duration of the study. The team analyzed methylation marks on DNA extracted from white blood cells. DNA methylation marks are chemical tags on the DNA sequence that regulate the expression of genes and are known to change with aging.

In the primary analysis, Belsky and colleagues focused on three measurements of the DNA methylation data, sometimes known as epigenetic clocks. The first two, the PhenoAge and GrimAge clocks, estimate biological age, or the chronological age at which a persons biology would appear normal. These measures can be thought of as odometers that provide a static measure of how much aging a person has experienced. The third measure studied by the researchers was DunedinPACE, which estimates the pace of aging, or the rate of biological deterioration over time. DunedinPACE can be thought of as a speedometer.

In contrast to the results for DunedinPace, there were no effects of intervention on other epigenetic clocks, noted Calen Ryan, PhD, research scientist at Columbias Butler Aging Center and co-lead author of the study. The difference in results suggests that dynamic pace of aging measures like DunedinPACE may be more sensitive to the effects of intervention than measures of static biological age.

Our study found evidence that calorie restriction slowed the pace of aging in humans, Ryan said.But calorie restriction is probably not for everyone. Our findings are important because they provide evidence from a randomized trial that slowing human aging may be possible. They also give us a sense of the kinds of effects we might look for in trials of interventions that could appeal to more people, like intermittent fasting or time-restricted eating.

A follow-up of trial participants is now ongoing to determine if the intervention had long-term effects on healthy aging. In other studies, slower DunedinPACE is associated with reduced risk for heart disease, stroke, disability, and dementia.Our study of the legacy effects of the CALERIE intervention will test if the short-term effects observed during the trial translated into longer-term reduction in aging-related chronic diseases or their risk factors, says Sai Krupa Das, a senior scientist and CALERIE investigator who is leading the long-term follow up of CALERIE participants.

DunedinPACE was developed by Daniel Belsky and colleagues at Duke University and the University of Otago. To develop DunedinPACE, researchers analyzed data from the Dunedin Longitudinal Study, a landmark birth cohort study of human development and aging that follows 1000 individuals born in 1972-73 in Dunedin, New Zealand. Researchers first analyzed the rate of change in 19 biomarkers across 20 years of follow-up to derive a single composite measure of the Pace of Aging. Next, the researchers used machine-learning techniques to distill this 20-year Pace of Aging into a single-time-point DNA methylation blood test. The values of the DunedinPACE algorithm correspond to the years of biological aging experienced during a single calendar year, providing a measure of the pace of aging.

Reference: Effect of long-term caloric restriction on DNA methylation measures of biological aging in healthy adults from the CALERIE trial by R. Waziry, C. P. Ryan, D. L. Corcoran, K. M. Huffman, M. S. Kobor, M. Kothari, G. H. Graf, V. B. Kraus, W. E. Kraus, D. T. S. Lin, C. F. Pieper, M. E. Ramaker, M. Bhapkar, S. K. Das, L. Ferrucci, W. J. Hastings, M. Kebbe, D. C. Parker, S. B. Racette, I. Shalev, B. Schilling and D. W. Belsky, 9 February 2023, Nature Aging.DOI: 10.1038/s43587-022-00357-y

Additional co-authors and their affiliations are listed in the paper, Effect of long-term caloric restriction on DNA methylation measures of biological aging in healthy adults from the CALERIE trial.

The study was supported by U.S National Institute on Aging grant R01AG061378 and also utilized resources provided by the CALERIE Research Network (R33AG070455) and the Dunedin Study (R01AG032282). Coauthors received additional support from the American Brain Foundation, and NIH grants P30AG028716, R01AG054840, R33AG070455, CIHR RN439810, R01 AG071717, R03AG071549 U01AG060906.

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Less Is More: The Diet Strategy Proven To Slow Aging in Healthy ... - SciTechDaily

Fruits are an essential part of a healthy diet. They are packed with vitamins, minerals, antioxidants and fiber, all of which are essential for maintaining good health.

Incorporating fruit in your daily diet can help boost immune system, improve digestion and reduce risk of chronic diseases like heart disease, diabetes and cancer. With so many different types of fruits available, it can be challenging to decide which ones to include in your daily diet.

In this article, we have compiled a list of the top healthy fruits you should incorporate in your daily diet. These fruits are not only nutritious but also delicious and easy to incorporate in your meals and snacks.

Whether you prefer to have them raw, blend them into smoothies or use them in recipes, these fruits can provide you with a wide range of health benefits and help you achieve your wellness goals.

Here's a look at the 12 healthy fruits:

Blueberries are low-calorie fruits that are packed with antioxidants that protect cells from damage caused by free radicals. They're also rich in , vitamin K and fiber, which helps in digestion.

Apples are an excellent source of fiber, vitamin C and antioxidants. Having apples regularly can help lower blood sugar level and reduce risk of heart disease.

Although technically a fruit, avocados are a rich source of healthy fats, fiber and potassium. They can help reduce inflammation and improve.

Kiwi is a low-calorie fruit that's high in fiber, vitamin C and antioxidants. It can help improve digestion, boost immunity and reduce risk of.

Pomegranates are packed with antioxidants, fiber and vitamins C and K. They can help lower blood pressure, reduce inflammation and improve heart health.

Oranges are an excellent source of vitamin C, fiber and antioxidants. They can help boost immunity, improve skin health and reduce risk of chronic diseases.

Strawberries are low in calories and high in fiber, vitamin C and antioxidants. They can help improve heart health, reduce inflammation and lower risk of chronic diseases.

Pineapples are a rich source of vitamin C, manganese and fiber. They can help improve digestion, boost immunity and reduce inflammation.

Mangoes are packed with vitamin C, fiber and antioxidants. They can help improve digestion, boost immunity and reduce risk of chronic diseases.

Grapefruits are an excellent source of vitamin C, fiber and antioxidants. They can help improve heart health, lower cholesterol level and reduce risk of chronic diseases.

Bananas are rich in fiber, potassium and vitamins C and B6. They can help improve digestion, boost immunity and regulate .

Cherries are a low-calorie fruit that are high in fiber, vitamin C and K, and antioxidants. They can help reduce inflammation, improve heart health and promote better sleep.

Adding the aforementioned fruits to your daily diet can provide numerous benefits for health.

They're low in calories and packed with nutrients that can help reduce risk of chronic diseases, improve digestion, boost immunity and promote better sleep. So, make sure to incorporate these fruits in your diet, and enjoy a healthier and more balanced lifestyle.

Continued here:
12 fruits for a healthier you: Add these superfoods to your diet - Sportskeeda

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Gut microbiome responds compositionally and functionally to the ... - Nature.com

We all know that consuming a good amount of fiber is important for our overall health, but do we really know why? Nutrition expert, Meghan Novoshielski MS, RDN, explains: "Eating more high-fiber vegetables is one of the best things people can do for their health. She adds, "Fiber helps with weight loss, keeps blood sugars stable, protects cardiovascular and digestive health, and fuels a healthy gut microbiome. And while many vegetables contain an adequate amount of fiber, Novoshielski says that a good rule of thumb for even more fiber is to grab veggies that are darker in color, like beetroot, artichokes, and dark leafy greens such as Swiss chard.

The American Heart Association recommends that adults eat between 25 to 30 grams of fiber per day, but since many people dont get enough vegetables in their daily diets, Novoshielski recommends adding high-fiber ingredients (such as veggies) to your meals. For example, you can top your pizza with broccoli and spinach, or add zucchini and tomato to an omelet or frittata.

Want to know which high fiber vegetables to add to your diet? Keep reading for more!

Did you know that a serving of boiled carrots contains more fiber than raw carrots? But dont worry, its not by mucha cup of boiled carrots has 5 grams of fiber, while a medium-sized raw carrot has about 2 grams. Whether youre adding them to a salad, curry, or dipping them into delicious hummus, carrots are a great veggie to have on hand each week since theyre so versatile.

It should come as no surprise that broccoli is one of the healthiest vegetables to add to your diet. Katherine Gomez, a registered dietitian, notes: Just one cup of broccoli has about 5 grams of fiber. It also contains antioxidants and vitamin C, which can strength our immune system and lower the risk of chronic illness.

Cauliflower is similar to broccoli in that it has many beneficial minerals and vitamins, but it doesnt contain quite as much fiber. In fact, theres 2 grams of fiber in a cup of cauliflower, which is about half the amount you'll find in the same serving of broccoli. That being said, cauliflower is still a great vegetable to add to your meals and eat often.

If you love eggplant Parmesan or stuffed eggplant, youll be happy to know that those dishes contain a good amount of fiber. Just like cauliflower, eggplant has about 2 grams of fiber per cup.

Swiss chard has about 4 grams of fiber per cup, and is a great green to incorporate into pasta dishes, salads, or a satisfying frittata. Stop by the farmers market during the summer and early fall to grab some Swiss chard at its freshest.

Is there anything more delicious than a bacon-wrapped Brussels sprout with a drizzle of balsamic, or a shredded Brussels sprout salad? These crunchy little green veggies have over 3 grams of fiber per cup, and are truly a superfood. They have plenty of nutritional benefits, and may even protect against certain types of cancer.

When artichokes are in season, theyre one of the most delicious vegetables to enjoy. And since theyre naturally so flavorful, you dont need to do much other than cook or steam them. Artichokes have about 4 grams of fiber per serving, and are also rich in calcium.

Beets are considered to be a natural laxative, and its certainly because theyre high in fiber at 4 grams per cup. Whether youre chopping them up for a goat cheese and walnut salad, or making a beautiful Pink Hummus, beets have a mildly sweet flavor that make them the perfect addition to so many dishes.

If Popeye taught us anything, its that spinach can make us grow big and strong. Katherine Gomez, RD, says: "Spinach has about 4 grams of fiber per cup, and it also contains iron, which is necessary for producing red blood cells. Enjoy spinach as a side, like in this Spanakopita Creamed Spinach recipe, or mix a handful of it into your favorite pasta dish.

Theres a reason why peas are usually one of the first vegetables we introduce to babies. "A cup of peas has about 9 grams of fiber, and they are an excellent source of B vitamins, which are crucial for energy metabolism," says Gomez.

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10 High Fiber Vegetables to Add to Your Diet - Real Simple

Around Scottsdale, the notion of so-called road diets making vehicle traffic narrower by adding bike lanes is so hot it sizzles.

But an idea on the matter by a Scottsdale City Council member fizzled last week.

People are pissed, Councilwoman Kathy Littlefield told the Progress a few hours before her attempt to get road diets on the next ballot failed.

Scottsdale residents, she said, are very very upset and they want more to say on this.

While supporters say sacrificing vehicle lanes for bike lanes makes driving safer for all, others have deluged council members with emails saying no more road diets!

Even if the issue never makes it to the ballot, Littlefield said she wanted a specific agenda item on road diets to invite public comment.

I want to lead a conversation so we can open it up to the citizens and they can have more say, Littlefield said, adding the April 17 open house on a Thomas Road diet plan left those who attended frustrated.

Im asking for a discussion on (road diets), Littlefield said. My guess is (her council colleagues) are not going to want to discuss it. Im going to give it a try because there are so many people that are so angry thats what were supposed to do, represent them.

As Littlefield predicted, her motion was rejected at the April 18 City Council meeting.

Mayor David Ortega and council members Tom Durham, Tammy Caputi and Solange Whitehead voted against Littlefields motion, over the support of Littlefield, Barry Graham and Betty Janik.

In discussion before the vote, Littlefield gave an introduction to her motion. She said that, contrary to previous staff reports promising road diets would be few and far between, there are now 15 street trimmings and more in the works.

Our citizens feel betrayed and they feel lied to, she said.

You should want the voters to decide this, Littlefield lectured her council colleagues. It is the only hope we have to restore the trust of our citizens.

Whitehead took a pointed jab stating Littlefield herself made a motion to approve a road diet on Indian School Road before emotionally decrying Littlefields motion.

Public safety is Scottsdales primary job. Its not up for a public vote. We dont ask the citizens what the speed limit should be its our job, Whitehead said.

Janik countered, This is at least worth a discussion.

Ortega said Littlefields motion was not necessary, as a work study on the issue has been requested for May 16.

As Littlefield was speaking about more traffic coming to Scottsdale, Ortega cut her off.

There will be a work study on all the details, Ortega said, calling for a vote.

Alex McLaren, during the public comment section of the council, called the Thomas Road open house a very good presentation.

But he called for an updated congestion report, as the one at the Thomas open house showed traffic patterns from 2016 to 2019.

Heather Phillips seconded that, saying the congestion numbers are pre-COVID and that in the Old Town area, skyrocketing rent prices are leading more residents to crowd into apartment units

Read this article:
Idea of putting city's 'road diets' on ballot fizzles - scottsdale.org

Japan's ruling Liberal Democratic Party, headed by Prime Minister Fumio Kishida, secured four of the five Diet seats up for grabs in by-elections on Sunday, boding well for him amid speculation that he might dissolve the lower house in the near future.

The LDP won the Yamaguchi Nos. 2 and 4 districts and the Chiba No. 5 district in the House of Representatives as well as the Oita prefectural district in the upper chamber. Its candidate was defeated in the Wakayama No. 1 district in the lower house by a new face backed by an opposition party that has gained momentum recently.

The outcome of the polls, held about a week after an explosive device was thrown at Kishida during a campaign speech in Wakayama, may prompt him to call a snap election soon after the Group of Seven summit in his home constituency of Hiroshima next month.

Nobuchiyo Kishi (C) is pictured in Iwakuni, Yamaguchi Prefecture, on April 23, 2023, ahead of his likely win in a by-election for the House of Representatives Yamaguchi No. 2 district. (Kyodo)

Kishida's LDP had hoped to retain three seats in the first parliamentary elections since July last year, with the approval ratings for his Cabinet picking up on the back of his diplomatic achievements, such as a surprise visit to Ukraine on March 21.

After the LDP won in four districts, Toshimitsu Motegi, secretary general of the LDP, told reporters, "We have received a positive evaluation from the public."

The Yamaguchi No. 4 district used to be held by former Prime Minister Shinzo Abe, who was assassinated by a gunman during an upper house election campaign speech on July 8, 2022.

The LDP backed Shinji Yoshida, a former local city assemblyman, while the main opposition Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan fielded Yoshifu Arita, a former upper house member.

Shinji Yoshida (C) is pictured next to Akie Abe (R), widow of slain former Prime Minister Shinzo Abe, in Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi Prefecture, on April 23, 2023, ahead of his likely win in a by-election for the House of Representatives Yamaguchi No. 4 district. (Kyodo)

The Yamaguchi No. 2 district was previously held by former Defense Minister Nobuo Kishi, Abe's younger brother. But he retired for health reasons in early February, and his eldest son, Nobuchiyo Kishi ran in his father's place.

The Wakayama No. 1 district was up for grabs after a lawmaker of the opposition Democratic Party for the People resigned to become the prefecture's governor.

Former upper house member Hirofumi Kado ran on the LDP ticket, but he was beaten by Yumi Hayashi, who served as a local assembly member. Hayashi was backed by the Japan Innovation Party, which has a strong foothold in the Kansai region, including Wakayama.

The Japan Innovation Party has been aiming to expand its support base beyond the western Japanese region, and its Osaka base. The party more than doubled its seats in local elections in early April to 124.

Nobuyuki Baba, head of the party, told reporters in Wakayama on Sunday, "We have proven that even an ant can hurt an elephant if we work together in unity and solidarity."

The Chiba No. 5 district election was called after an LDP lawmaker resigned in December over allegations of underreporting political funds.

The LDP, which faced an uphill battle in the constituency against the backdrop of the political funds scandal, fielded Arfiya Eri, a former United Nations official of Uyghur descent. The major opposition parties failed to settle on a unified choice.

The upper house seat in Oita became empty after an independent lawmaker, who won the seat with the support of the Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan and other opposition forces, chose to run for the governorship in the prefecture.

Aki Shirasaka, an entrepreneur endorsed by the LDP, defeated Tadatomo Yoshida, a former upper house lawmaker of the Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan.

Voter turnout was the lowest on record for Chiba at 38.25 percent, while that in Wakayama stood at 44.11 percent. Turnout in the Yamaguchi Nos. 2 and 4 districts was 42.41 percent and 34.71 percent, respectively, and that in Oita 42.48 percent, the election boards said.

Voters are pictured at a voting booth in Oita, the capital city of Oita Prefecture on Japan's southwestern main island of Kyushu, on April 23, 2023. (Kyodo)

Earlier this month, a man hurled a cylindrical object that exploded and let out white smoke near Kishida in Wakayama, sparking a flurry of Japanese media reports ever since. The premier was not harmed in the attack.

Regarding policy, all eyes were on whether voters support the government's steps to reduce the adverse effects of rising prices and its plan to increase spending for defense and child-rearing measures, which have fanned fears about possible tax hikes.

Kishida's leadership, meanwhile, has been called into question over dubious ties between LDP lawmakers and the controversial Unification Church, in addition to a series of resignations by scandal-tainted ministers late last year.

Abe's attacker said he held a grudge against the religious group over huge donations made by his mother. He targeted Abe in the belief that the longest-serving prime minister of Japan had links to the organization, investigative sources said.

The latest polls were carried out on the same day as the second round of local elections held nationwide to select mayors and assembly members. The LDP won key gubernatorial races in the first round of the quadrennial unified local polls on April 9.

Under Japan's Constitution, a prime minister has the final say on the dissolution of the lower house for a snap election. The current four-year terms for lower house members expire in October 2025 unless Kishida dissolves the chamber.

Kishida, who took office in October 2021, has been exploring the best timing to win a general election, as he is eager to be re-elected as leader of the ruling party, pundits said. The next LDP presidential race is slated to be held in September 2024.

Related coverage:

Campaigning starts for mayoral, municipal assembly elections

Japan PM Kishida's ruling bloc wins key gubernatorial polls

Follow this link:
LDP wins 4 of 5 Diet by-elections amid snap election speculation - Kyodo News Plus

image:Dentition of a modern baboon (Papio ursinus). These savanna dwelling omnivores provide a prime analogous model for early hominin evolution. They evolved and radiated in parallel with hominins within a similar landscape and time frame. Tina Ldecke and her colleagues use tooth enamel from dentitions like this to develop the new method. view more

Credit: Tina Ldecke

Emmy Noether Group leader Tina Ldecke from the Max Planck Institute for Chemistry (MPIC) in Mainz, has been awarded a prestigious and highly competitive Human Frontier Science Program (HFSP) Research Grant along with Cajetan Neubauer from the University of Colorado Boulder (Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research) and Rani Bakkour from the Technical University of Munich (TUM).

The three-year funding, around U.S. $1 million in total, will support the international scientific team led by principal investigator Cajetan Neubauer to work on the project "Uncovering the real paleo diet: Novel isotope analytics of amino acids from fossil hominin teeth. The team aims to develop a new method to measure the isotopic composition of amino acids in tooth enamel and thus get more details on the hominin diet.

Much of our understanding of the relationship between hominin diet and evolution is based on anatomical and archaeological information derived from hominin fossils, explains Tina Ldecke.

Direct chemical evidence of paleodiets has also been measured, in fossil bone collagen and tooth enamel, in the form of stable carbon isotope patterns that are indicative of food intake. Proteins and amino acids are likely preserved in enamel even millions of years old and their isotopic compositions could provide specific insights into how ecosystem use and dietary changes in human prehistory shaped human biology, societies, and cultures. Unfortunately, currently no technique exists that can reveal paleodiet signatures from fossil amino acids. This is what we want to change with our funded project, she said.

The winners in this years HFSP Research Grant Program are remarkable scientists pioneering life science research that needs international collaboration and basic science in frontier subjects that is, investigations for which there are no prior studies, said Pavel Kabat, HFSP Secretary-General. I was thrilled with the proposals we received and look forward to the ground-breaking discoveries that will be revealed.

New Method explored

Our team hypothesizes that recent advances open a path to achieve the ultimate dream for the isotope approach to learning about human evolution: highly sensitive detection of intact fossilized metabolites and full description of the paleodietary information they record, says Cajetan Neubauer. This international grant brings together a team that has key complementary skills in analytical chemistry, isotope analytics, and paleoanthropology, says Neubauer.

Tina Ldeckes group has recently developed a method to analyze nitrogen isotopes in bulk tooth enamel to evaluate early hominin meat consumption for the first time. However, amino acids analyses are very desirable to clarify which animal resources were consumed (carnivores/herbivores), if fish or mushrooms were utilized, the role of breastfeeding, and if our ancestors hunted or instead scavenged. Most importantly, enamel amino acids could provide information about the use of fire, believed to be crucial for the evolution of large brains, as cooked foods provide much more energy than raw materials.

My team collects samples, i.e. teeth from hominins, but first of all from recent and fossil large mammals to develop and test the method and then to evaluate the results paleoarcheologically, Ldecke explains.

Molecular imprinting at TUM

Rani Bakkour and his team will then isolate very small amounts of amino acids from this enamel. The researchers from TUM have extensive expertise in environmental analytical chemistry, where they synthesize and evaluate highly selective materials for the extraction of aquatic contaminates. "We synthesize macromolecules that can recognize only one molecule at a time, a technique known as molecular imprinting," explains Bakkour. "We employ this technique to isolate minute amounts of contaminants such as glyphosate from complex mixtures." This method is particularly exciting in paleoanthropology. "Selectivity is a key given the very small amounts of amino acids in tooth enamel and the very small size of the precious fossil samples."

Novel isotope analysis at CU Boulder

Afterwards, Cajetan Neubauer will measure them subsequently with a newly developed isotopic technique (Iso-Orbi) in Colorado. What Neubauer has developed at CU Boulder is an innovative and powerful isotopic technique that brings isotope analysis into the realm of structural chemistry. It allows measurement of isotopic fingerprints in polar chemical compounds by electrospray-Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Iso-Orbi reveals the isotopic anatomy of amino acids and can thereby provide a wealth of new multi-elemental and structural isotopic information that we anticipate will be reflective of paleo diet and environmental factors.

Our goal is to develop a new way to look deeper into fossil molecules that will transform anthropology by exploring this emerging frontier, summarizes Tina Ldecke.

Disclaimer: AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert system.

Read more:
Uncovering the real paleo diet: Scientific team wins HFSP research ... - EurekAlert

You may have heard social media influencers and podcasters tout the carnivore diet for weight loss and endurance. The high-protein, high-fat diet includes only animal products, such as:

But is the carnivore diet healthy?

It excludes a lot of food groups, like fruits, vegetables, legumes, grains and nuts, says Laura Hernandez, nutrition therapist at the Nebraska Medicine Bariatrics Center. Some people like the simplicity of that, but we know its not very healthy or sustainable in the long run.

Since protein helps people feel full and builds muscle, high-protein diets are often recommended for weight loss. The difference between a high-protein diet and the carnivore diet is a focus on lean protein sources and a greater variety of foods.

We try to find a balance between high protein but lower saturated fat, Hernandez says. A healthy, balanced plate has fruits and vegetables with fiber to keep us full and the essential vitamins, minerals and nutrients we need.

Protein recommendations may vary by individual, but Hernandez generally suggests 20 to 30 grams per meal.

If we consistently get too much protein in one sitting, the body cant keep up with processing it and may start storing the excess protein as fat. It could be too much of a good thing.

Hernandez says to keep it simple and follow a few rules:

Mindful eating practices are also a powerful tool. Paying attention to the physical and emotional experience of eating can help you tune into hunger and fullness cues.

Try to make sure you are stomach hungry and not head hungry, Hernandez says. Do your best to slow down when eating, listen to your body and stop when you are comfortable rather than overfull.

Hernandez's best advice? Opt for healthy, maintainable behaviors over fad diets.

Continue reading here:
The carnivore diet: How much protein should you really eat? - Nebraska Medicine

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